快速城市化地区交通主干道对景观格局变化的影响

交通主干道建设对两侧景观格局变化有着深远的影响,探索其影响机制对道路生态环境评价和区域可持续发展规划具有重要指导意义。本文以京沪高速公路(简称G2)为例,利用TM遥感影像,提取出1995、2000、2005和2010年长江三角洲地区土地利用/覆被图。同时,用缓冲区分析和景观生态学方法,分别计算不同时段和地域段G2缓冲带景观数量结构特征指数和景观格局指数变化率;并结合相关分析和非线性回归方法研究指数变化率与缓冲带距离的关系,据此判断G2对沿线景观格局变化的影响程度和范围。研究结果表明：(1)G2沿线地区景观格局变化程度与缓冲带距离呈现显著的负相关性,G2对景观格局变化的影响呈现明显的“轴带”规律;(2)G2对沿线景观格局变化的影响范围比自然生态脆弱区的道路建设更广,2000-2005年为6 km,2005-2010年扩大到9 km;(3)从整体来看,2005-2010年间的景观数量结构特征指数相关系数明显高于2000-2005年间,而景观格局指数相关系数则相反,“轴带”影响存在时间差异性;(4)从不同区域段来看,苏北和苏南段景观动态度相关系数均高于上海段,在城市化水平较低的地域段,“轴带”影响更加显著;(5)通过对比道路沿线地区不同时段、不同地域段的相关景观特征指数变化率,并结合缓冲带分析和数量统计方法,较好地评估了交通主干道对沿线景观格局变化的影响程度和范围。

The Impact of Road Development on Landscape Pattern Change in Rapidly Urbanizing Area

Understanding the mechanism of how road development lays profound impacts on the landscape change is significant for regional sustainable development. This paper takes the YRD section of Beijing-Shang-hai Expressway as a case, analyzes the remote sensing images in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010,and utilizes buffer zone analysis method to estimate the change rate of the landscape quantity structure and landscape pattern index in different periods and regions. Meanwhile, the correlation analysis and nonlinear regression methods are adopt-ed to investigate the relationship between the change rate of landscape pattern and the buffer zone distance. The results from this study indicated the following points：firstly, the construction of G2 expressway generated an axi-al impact on landscape pattern change. In rapidly urbanizing areas, there is a negative correlation between the change rate of landscape pattern and the buffer distance, which is different from the case of Qinghai-Tibet High-way. Secondly, there is a significant impact of main roads on the succession rule of landscape pattern along the rapidly urbanizing areas, which has broader and stronger effects than the roads in ecologically fragile areas. Fi-nally, the construction of main roads has different temporal and spatial gradient impacts on the succession rule of landscape pattern. With the development of urbanization, the road？？s effects on the landscape pattern become more obvious. The influence range of G2 is expanding, which was increased from 6 km during the period of 2000-2005 to 9 km during 2005-2010. In addition, in YRD region, the axial affection is more remarkable in cit-ies with low degree of urbanization than those with high degree of urbanization. By combining buffer zone analy-sis, correlation analysis and nonlinear regression, as well as calculating the change rate of landscape pattern char-acteristics indices in different periods and regions, we could effectively assess the influence degree and scope of main roads on the landscape pattern cha