干旱区农业用水价格形成机制的经济学分析

目前由于农业用水价格严重背离价值,导致农业用水的利用效率低下、浪费严重。只有水价实现价值回归并建立有效的市场机制,才能促进人们在追求个人利益的同时,自觉地、主动地、合理地利用和节约水资源。本文运用经济学理论,对现行农业用水价格的不合理性以及在水价政策实施中的失效成因进行分析,指出农业用水价格扭曲的负面影响,现行的农业用水补助机制丝毫没有引起生产者对水资源利用的外部性的关注。系统地阐述了边际成本和平均成本决定下的农业水价形成机制,分析了农业用水定价的地区差异性。提出应该在逐步考虑农业用水的环境外部性收益和机会成本的基础上,建立符合市场经济条件并与绿色GDP核算体系相适应的水价体系。

Price formation mechanism of agricultural irrigation water in arid areas

At present,because the price of agricultural irrigation water deviates from its value greatly,it leads to that agricultural irrigation water is utilized low-efficiently and wasted seriously.Only when the value of water price returns and the valid market mechanism is established,can people be prompted not only to pursue the personal benefits,but also to utilize and save water resource consciously,actively and reasonably.This paper applies the economics theories to analyze the unreasonableness of the current price of agricultural irrigation water and the reasons of invalidation in the course of implementing the policy of water price.It points out the negative influence of agricultural irrigation water price's distortion,and that the current cost recovery mechanism of agricultural irrigation water never works well in drawing the attention of producer to the externality of water resource utilization.It systematically exposes the formation mechanism of agricultural irrigation water price under marginal-cost pricing and average-cost pricing,and analyzes the regional discrepancy in agricultural irrigation water pricing.It proposes that the pricing system should be established to accord with the conditions of market economy and the system of green GDP calculation,basing on gradually considering the profit from environment externality and opportunity cost of agricultural irrigation water.