Relativistic gravitational deflection of light and its impact on the modeling accuracy for the Space Interferometry Mission

We study the impact of relativistic gravitational deflection of light on the accuracy of future Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). We estimate the deflection angles caused by the monopole, quadrupole and octupole components of gravitational fields for a number of celestial bodies in the solar system. We observe that, in many cases, the magnitude of the corresponding effects is significantly larger than the 1 μas accuracy expected from SIM. This fact argues for the development of a relativistic observational model for the mission that would account for the influence of both static and time-varying effects of gravity on light propagation. Results presented here are different from the ones obtained elsewhere by the fact that we specifically account for the differential nature of the future SIM astrometric measurements. We also obtain an estimate for the accuracy of possible determination of the Eddington’s parameter γ via SIM global astrometric campaign; we conclude that accuracy of ∼7 × 10⁻⁶ is achievable via measurements of deflection of light by solar gravity. The article was translated by the authors.