A Review of Cloud-Resolving Model Studies of Convective Processes

Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction, cloud micro- physical processes, and surface rainfall processes. Over the last three decades, cloud-resolving models （CRMs） have demonstrated to be capable of simulating convective-radiative responses to an imposed large-scale forcing. The CRM-produced cloud and radiative properties have been utilized to study the convective- related processes and their ensemble effects on large-scale circulations. This review the recent progress on the understanding of convective processes with the use of CRM simulations, including precipitation processes; cloud microphysical and radiative processes; dynamical processes; precipitation efficiency; diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection; local-scale atmosphere-ocean coupling processes; and tropical convective-radiative equilibrium states. Two different ongoing applications of CRMs to general circulation models （GCMs） are discussed： replacing convection and cloud schemes for studying the interaction between cloud systems and large-scale circulation, and improving the schemes for climate simulations.

A review of cloud-resolving model studies of convective processes

Convective processes affect large-scale environments through cloud-radiation interaction.cloud micro-physical processes,and surface rainfall processes.Over the last three decades,cloud-resolving models (CRMs)have demonstrated to be capable of simulating convective-radiative responses to an imposed large-scale forcing.The CRM-produced cloud and radiative properties have been utilized to study the convective-related processes and their ensemble effects on large-scale circulations.This review summarizes the recent progress on the understanding of convective processes with the use of CRM simulations,including precipi-tation processes;cloud microphysical and radiative processes;dynamical processes;precipitation efficiency;diurnal variations of tropical oceanic convection;local-scale atmosphere-ocean coupling processes;and tropi-cal convective-radiative equilibrium states.Two different ongoing applications of CRMs to general circulation models(GCMs)are discussed:replacing convection and cloud schemes for studying the interaction between cloud systems and large-scale circulation,and improving the schemes for climate simulations.