公路泥石流防治结构冲磨性能优化研究

作为山区公路一种典型地质灾害的泥石流是液相泥浆与固相岩土的二相混合流,对防治结构的磨蚀破坏极其严重,使防治结构的有效使用寿命缩短35%~50%,降低了防治结构安全性能,严重威胁公路交通的正常运营。为增强防治结构耐久性、提高公路交通的安全性能,作者通过泥石流与防治结构的偶合作用、流体力学理论与固体磨蚀原理,从结构设计和构造材料两方面对防治结构的抗磨性能进行了研究,创建了既能避免泥石流直接冲撞、又能降低泥石流磨损的防治结构轴线方程。根据磨蚀量计算理论,对四川西昌平川泥石流防治结构的磨蚀量进行对比计算,优化后的磨蚀计算量约为优化前的36%,抗御泥石流冲击磨蚀的能力得到显著地增强,显示了优化防治结构的优越性。研究成果为合理设计速、排结构与拦渣坝等防治结构提供了理论依据。但是,作为2相流的泥石流,对防治结构的粘滞、摩擦作用是一个非常复杂的过程,也是正确计算磨蚀量的关键参数之一。因此,进一步展开泥石流体物性研究具有重要价值。

Reinforcement of ablation resistance for debris flow control structures

Debris flow is a typical geological hazard along mountainous area highways.And it endanger the traffic security seriously.To fulfill the flowing traffic,we must construct the control structure of debris flow,but the impact and hurtle of debris flow to control structures shortened the life-span of control structure.Taking debris flow as homogeneous material,based on the law of conversation of energy,the authors presented the flow speed of debris flow in control structure,based on momentum principle,the nominal impacting force to control structure was presented,based on kinematics the optimizing vertical section function was presented,and according to the motion law of debris flow,based on fluid mechanics theories and solid hurtle mechanism,the authors optimized the ablation resistance of control structure from structure design and construct material two sides.And the research result provided the theories basis for the reasonable design of block debris dam and high speed drainage structure.