黑鱾消化系统的形态学及组织学研究*

鱼类消化系统的组织结构特点与食性密切相关。为了探究岛礁性鱼类黑魢的消化生理特点, 文章以黑鱾(Girella leonina)为研究对象, 采用苏木精-伊红(H.E)染色法研究其消化系统的组织结构特点, 探讨其组织结构特点与食性、环境适应性之间的相关性。结果显示: 1) 食道向腔内形成纵向6个粗大皱褶, 该皱褶具明显横纹肌, 扩张性较强, 黏膜上皮间分布着黏液细胞, 呈锥形; 2) 黑鱾为“V”形胃, 可分为贲门部、胃体部和幽门部3个部分, 胃腺横切面为圆形, 管腔由数个腺细胞围成, 胃肌层平滑肌层极厚, 为内环肌层外纵肌层结构, 其中胃体部固有层处胃腺最为发达, 胃黏膜形成许多皱襞, 幽门胃具多级分枝皱褶; 3) 幽门处分布有150多条分枝状盲囊, 盲囊腔内充满黏膜褶, 黏膜上皮由单层柱状上皮细胞组成, 不具有杯状细胞; 4) 肝脏分为左右两叶, 组织结构呈现出一般硬骨鱼类的共性, 肝细胞体积较大, 呈多边形, 大小约为30μm; 5) 肠道具有4个肠曲, 比肠长值约为1.52±0.06, 介于植食性和肉食性鱼类之间, 整个肠道均有大量杯状细胞分布, 肠道内具发达的小肠绒毛凸起, 绒毛基部上皮向固有层内陷形成肠腺, 腺体开口于相邻绒毛基部之间, 前中肠作为主要消化吸收场所, 其绒毛数量和高度要大于后肠。文章研究了黑鱾消化系统组织学特征与其消化、吸收的关系, 认为黑鱾消化系统具备典型杂食性鱼类消化系统的特征。

Morphology and histology of the digestive system in Girella leonina*

The organizational structural characteristics of digestive system of fish are closely related to diet. To study the digestive physiological characteristics of reef fish Girella leonine, the organizational structural characteristics of digestive system were investigated by H.E staining. The correlation between the structural characteristics of tissue and the adaptability of diet and environment was discussed. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The esophagus tended to the cavity to form six thick folds, which had obvious striated muscle and mucous cells, and the folds had strongly expansion ability. Mucous cells were distributed between mucosa epithelium and were cone-shaped. 2) “V-shaped” stomach was divided into cardia, gastric body and pylorus. The transverse section of gastric gland was round and the lumen was surrounded by several gland cells. The muscular layer of the stomach was well developed, its inner was annulus structure and the outer was longitudinal structure. The stomach glands were mostly developed in the lamina of gastric body, the gastric mucosa formed many folds and the pyloric stomach had multi-level branch folds. 3) There are more than 150 branched diverticulum in the pyloric, and they can be divided into two branches. The cavity of the cecum was filled with mucosal folds. The epithelium of mucosa was composed of single columnar epithelial cells without goblet cells. 4) Liver was divided into two leaves, which showed a general structure of bony fish in histology. The liver cells were large and polygonal, with a size of nearly 30 μm. 5) The intestine had four convolutions, and the ratio of intestine length to body length was 1.52±0.06, the value was between herbivorous and carnivorous fish. There were lots of goblet cells distributing in the whole intestine. The intestine had well-developed villi of small intestine. The epithelium of the villus base caved into the lamina propria to form the intestinal gland. The gland opened to the adjacent villi base. As the main digestible site, the number and height of the villi were greater than those in the hindgut. In this study, we also discussed the relationship between the histology characteristic and the digestion and absorption of digestive system of Girella leonine. Results showed that the characteristics of digestive system of Girella leonina was typical of omnivorous fish digestive system.