社会水文学和城市水文学研究进展

进入人类纪尤其是近数十年来,人类活动对水文过程的影响愈来愈突出,愈来愈强烈,许多新的问题用传统水文学理论难以给出合理的分析和解释,因此,作为两个关注人类活动影响的水文学分支学科,社会水文学和城市水文学受到越来越多的关注。随着人水互动关系的增强,水文系统和人类系统逐渐演变为一个耦合系统,为研究其互馈关系和协同演化过程,社会水文学应运而生。城市是人类活动与自然系统相互影响最剧烈的部分之一,城市区域水循环问题日趋复杂,由此诞生了城市水文学。这两个学科的研究,对水资源和与其相关的经济社会发展的中长期规划和管理,指导城市规划建设、增强城市水安全和改善城市水环境具有重要意义。本文梳理了两个学科的发展规律,总结了研究特点。分析了两个学科的研究现状和发展趋势,包括社会水文学对社会因子的研究、典型流域的案例研究、不同案例的对比研究、模型模拟研究;以及城市水文学中城市化对降水和洪涝灾害的影响研究,城市化与生态环境响应关系的研究。本文探讨了两个学科的重点研究领域,如社会水文学中的本构关系研究、比较社会水文学研究、交叉学科研究等;城市水文学中的城市化对水文过程影响机理及模拟研究、城市暴雨洪水监测与预测预警技术研究、城市雨洪管理和资源化利用技术研究等。

A review on socio-hydrology and urban hydrology

The impact of human activities on hydrological processes becomes remarkable in Anthropocene, and many problems go beyond the scope of traditional hydrology. As two important sub-disciplines in hydrology that focus on human interventions, socio-hydrology and urban hydrology have attracted increasingly more attention. With the strengthened interactions between human and water, hydrological and human systems are becoming tightly coupled, and socio-hydrology emerged to investigate the feedbacks between the two systems and their coevolution processes. Cities are places where human activities and the natural system interact most intensively, and the hydrological processes in urban regions are becoming more complicated, therefore urban hydrology has been developed. The two disciplines are of great importance for the medium- and long-term planning and management of water resources and related socioeconomic development, as well as for guiding urban planning and construction, enhancing urban water security, and improving urban water environment. This article reviewed the patterns of development and characteristics of research of the two disciplines. It also analyzed the research status and development trends, including the study of social factors, case study in representative basins, comparative study of different cases, and model simulation in socio-hydrology, as well as the impact of urbanization on precipitation and flood, and the response relationship between urbanization and environment in urban hydrology. Key study areas in the two disciplines are discussed. For socio-hydrology, the key study areas include constitutive relation study, comparative socio-hydrology, and interdisciplinary study while the key study areas of urban hydrology include the mechanism and simulation of urbanization impact on hydrological processes, monitoring and forecasting technology of urban rainstorm and flood, and urban rain-flood management and resource utilization technology.