2000―2010年中国地区人才优势度与经济发展的空间特征及耦合协调度分析

基于第五（2000年）、六次（2010年）全国人口普查数据和社会经济统计数据，利用综合空间评价方法和耦合协调度模型，探讨中国341个地级及以上行政单元的人才优势度与经济发展的空间差异特征，并系统分析两者间的耦合协调关系。结果表明：1）中国经济发展的地区差异明显，2000―2010年大部分地区的经济发展水平处于上升的趋势并呈现出“大范围扩散、小范围集聚”的趋势。2）中国人才优势度存在明显的空间差异，呈现以北上广深为绝对高地，以其余直辖市、省会城市和计划单列市为相对高地，其余地区为低地的空间结构。2000―2010年人才优势度的空间差异日益突出，表现为东部地区与中西部地区之间的差距以及同一省份内省会城市与非省会城市之间的差距进一步拉大。3）基于耦合协调度系统评价，把所有地区划分为以下3种类型：高耦合度-高协调度地区、高耦合度-低协调度地区、低耦合度-中协调度地区。2000―2010年东部地区“高耦合度-高协调度”趋势加剧，中西部地区“高耦合度-低协调度”趋势加剧。

Coupled Coordination Analysis of Regional Talent Superiority and Economy Development in China from 2000 to 2010

Based on the 5th and 6th population census and socioeconomic data, this article uses different economy factors and principal component analysis to create city economy development index while it also uses the number of different talents and AHP analytic hierarchy to create city talent index. After creating these two kinds of index, they are applied to analyze coupling relation between talent superiority and economy development in China. Other models are also included in this article to figure out the relationship between talent superiority and economy development such as Local Getis-Ord G* and coupled coordination degree model. Main results for this study are as follows: (1)Spatial features of economy development in China are obvious. On the whole, the level of urban economic development has increased from 2000 to 2010. Compared to that in 2000, the spatial feature of urban economic development can be summarized as “diffusion in large scale, cluster in small scale” in 2010. However, the economy gap within a city is getting bigger and bigger and the most obvious one is the economy difference between capital city and none-capital cities. (2)Compared to that in 2000, the spatial polarization of urban talent superiority is remarkable in 2010. The spatial structure can be concluded as following three modes: Senior talent superiority regions (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen)-Intermediate talent superiority regions (Direct-controlled municipalities, capital cities and cities specifically designated in the state plan) - Low level talent superiority regions (other cities). In a word, the difference between eastern and western parts and the difference between capital cities and non-capital cities are obvious. (3)Coupled coordination degree model shows that all of the regions can be summarized as three modes: ①High coupling degree - high coordination degree cities: this kind of cities is mainly located in eastern part of China or located in middle and western part but are capital cities and these cities not only have a high speed of economy development but also do well in attracting talents and innovative companies. Obviously, when a city has a higher speed of economy development it is much easier for it to attract talents and the increase of the number of talents will also strengthen the development of a city. With this virtuous circle, cities located in the eastern part can develop sustainably and jump into another virtuous circle. ②High coupling degree - low coordination degree cities: this kind of cities is mainly located in middle and western parts of China but they have a low speed of economy development and do poor in attracting talents. These cities not only are lacking in natural resources but also fail to attract innovative factors so it is hard for them to attract talents and finally to jump into another vicious circle. ③Low coupling degree - middle coordination degree cities: this kind of cities is mainly located in middle and western parts of China and they are resource based cities, their development mainly depends on their natural resource including: mineral products and petroleum so their industry structure may be vulnerable. In a word, these cities also develop in an unsustainable way. From 2000 to 2010, the eastern region has tended to be ‘High coupling degree - high coordination degree’ mode while the middle and western regions have tended to be ‘High coupling degree - low coordination degree’ mode.