居住环境多维剥夺的地理识别及类型划分——以郑州主城区为例

设计城市多维剥夺度量方法和提高剥夺地理识别的精度,是近年来城市社会地理研究的重要内容,也是城市政府高效建成和谐舒适的人居环境所面临的关键问题。根据居住小区规划标准和15分钟社区生活圈建设要求,从与居民日常生活密切相关的设施邻近入手构建城市居住环境评价框架与识别方法,对郑州居住环境剥夺开展街道尺度的地理识别,并对识别出的街道按照消除剥夺政策措施的相似性进行类型划分。结果表明：① 多维居住环境剥夺指数低的街道呈现“十”字型分布格局,剥夺指数值由“十”字型的中心向外逐渐增加,并且任何两个环境剥夺维度间相互作用对解释多维居住环境剥夺指数的空间分异有非线性增强作用;② 单一维度的剥夺指数值呈现显著空间集聚特征,但不同环境维度的空间变化呈现不同形态;③ 32个街道被识别为多维环境剥夺区,根据剥夺维度将其划分为噪音环境剥夺型、教育医疗剥夺型、生活出行剥夺型、品质生活剥夺型、居住条件缺乏型五种类型。依据不同剥夺类型提出有针对性的措施,以改善街道居住环境的适宜性和增强其街道活力。

Geographical identification and classification of residential environmental deprivation: A case study of Zhengzhou city

The design of multidimensional deprivation measurement and the improvement of geographical identification accuracy are important contents of urban social geography research in recent years, being also the key problems faced by the city government in building a harmonious and comfortable residential environment. According to the requirements of the residential planning and the 15 minutes community life circle, based on the accessibility of the nearby facilities related to the daily life, this paper constructs the evaluation framework of city residential environment and identification methods, carries out the geographical identification of residential environment in Zhengzhou on the sub-district scale, and brings forward some measures to eliminate the environmental deprivation according to the similarity of the types of policies. The results show that the sub-districts with a low value of multidimensional deprivation index represents a "ten" distribution pattern and increases gradually from the center to the periphery, and the interaction between any two dimensions has a nonlinear enhancement to explain the spatial differentiation of the multidimensional deprivation index. The single dimension deprivation index shows significant spatial clustering characteristics, but the spatial variation of different environmental dimensions presents different morphological characteristics. This paper identifies 32 sub-districts as the multidimensional deprivation area, and can be divided into the five types including the noise deprivation, the medical and education deprivation, the life and travel deprivation, the quality and life deprivation, and the living deficiency based on the deprivation dimension. According to the different types of deprivation, this paper puts forward the targeted measures to improve the suitability of the residential environment and enhance the vitality of the sub-district.