政治地理视野下的粤港澳大湾区发展思考

2013年9、10月,中国提出了共建“一带一路”重大倡议,力图建立多边参与的、健康的全球经济合作机制,以打破美国主导的霸权式的全球经济架构,因而意义重大。在此背景下,粤港澳大湾区作为一个新的区域概念提出,具有强烈的政治地理内涵。因此,粤港澳大湾区的发展不应局限于实用学科的发展思维,而应置于较为宏观的政治地理视野中进行讨论。基于现代政治地理学对尺度政治、地缘文化和地缘经济等话题的关注,本文从3个方面对粤港澳大湾区的发展进行阐释和思考：①粤港澳大湾区概念的提出本身是一种尺度提升的空间管治思维。面对湾区发展过程中涉及的多尺度、多元的城市(区域)竞合现状,设计通过尺度转换的方式处理和应对粤港澳大湾区整体发展过程中面临的挑战非常有效;②从地缘文化的角度来讲,粤港澳大湾区在协同发展的过程中也面临着文化身份认同危机的挑战。运用恰当的文化策略解决(尤其是来自香港的)认同危机对于凝聚湾区一体化发展的向心力意义重大;③从地缘经济的角度来讲,将粤港澳大湾区发展置于国家权力对经济发展的诉求以及经济发展本身对权力运作的反作用等地缘经济框架下进行审视非常重要。

Reflections on the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area: A perspective from political geography

Most recently, China has proposed the Belt and Road initiative in an effort to establish a form of multilateral trade cooperation mechanism. This initiative is meaningful for the construction of a healthy global economic structure and the breaking of US-initiated hegemony global economic structure. The notion of "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area" is a refresh regional concept developed exactly in such a context. In this sense, this notion is inevitably imbued with the meaning of political geography. This article therefore argues that studies related to the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should not be limited to discussions within segregated practical disciplines, but considered on the macro-level, such as with the perspectives of political geography. In so doing, this article puts forward some suggestions from the lens of modern "vertical-horizontal" spatial management system, the integration of geo-cultures, and geo-economy. First, this article insists that the proposal of the concept of bay economy itself is a type of spatial management thoughts that stresses "upscaling." The development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is under a rather complex and multi-scale space structure that should pay attention to the competitive and cooperative relations among different cities and regions. It is important to adjust the scale, in particular to the national scale to tackle problems faced in the process of integrating the development of the whole area. Second, this article argues that there is a potential for weakening the integration of various geo-cultures in the process of developing the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. It is very important to discuss how to deal with the "identity crisis" between Hong Kong and the mainland of China, which, to a significant extent, provides stable social environment for the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Third, this article argues that it is important to put the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into the framework of geo-economy, which underlines the importance of the requirement of the state power on economic development as well as the importance of economic development on power exercises. Finally, this article proposes an agenda to generate suggestions on the scientific development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from multiple perspectives in other disciplines in the future.