土地质量发展趋势对我国土地整理研究的启示

人口增长与经济发展对土地资源的压力越来越大，并导致了不同程度的土地退化和耕地的持续减少，人们越来越关注土地资源质量的状况与耕地的保护及管理。土地整理在增加耕地面积、提高土地收益和改善生态环境方面发挥了重要作用。随着土地整理的全面推进，与之密切相关的土地质量问题日益受到人们的重视。借鉴吸收土地质量研究的热点和发展趋势，探索土地整理的土地质量研究体系，以从其根源入手寻求提高土地质量的对策，对促进土地资源管理由数量管护转变到质量和生态管护具有重要的理论与现实意义。文章分析了土地质量的概念与研究现状，提出土地质量的发展趋势主要有：①土地质量指标的综合反映与实际应用日趋紧密；②土地质量变化的过程机理与尺度效应研究不断加强；③土地质量评价中的土地利用格局与生态过程受到重视。根据国际上土地质量的研究及其发展趋势，结合土地整理的内在要求和科学内涵，从土地整理中土地质量指标体系的构建、土地质量评价与调查的技术方法和土地质量变化的过程与机理研究等3个方面探讨了土地整理中土地质量的研究框架。以期对我国土地整理的发展与深化研究有所裨益，促进土地整理事业的良性发展。

Implications for Land Consolidation Research of China from Land Quality Development

More and more pressures of land resources coming from population increasing and economic development have resulted in different land degradation and continuous decreasing of cultivated lands. These cause more attention to the quality of land resources and protection of cultivated land. Land consolidation plays an important role in increasing cultivated land, augmenting land profit and improving ecological environment. With the development of land consolidation project, land quality in close relation to land consolidation is stressed. It is very significant for the management of land resources from the quantity to quality and ecology to explore land quality system of land consolidation inspiring from the international hotspots and development of land quality. In this paper, the concept and research state of land quality are reviewed, and the developing focus is advanced. First, the integrative reflection of land quality indicators is very close to practical application. Second, the process, mechanism and scale effects of land quality changes are enhanced. Third, land use pattern and ecological process of land quality evaluation are emphasized. At the same time, based on these hotspots and development of land quality research, the research framework of land quality for land consolidation is discussed from three aspects of its change mechanism and indicators composition, technical methods of survey and evaluation, and change processes combining with intrinsic demands and scientific essence of land consolidation.