福建省综合交通可达性格局及其与制造业空间分布的关系分析

以福建省为研究区域,县(市)为研究单元,采用加权平均旅行时间指标,分析公路(区内与区外联系)、铁路、港口、航空等交通方式及区域综合交通网络的可达性空间格局,探讨各交通网络空间分布的均衡性。选取制造业中的28个行业,从资源集约度角度将其分为资源密集型制造业、劳动密集型制造业、资本密集型制造业,利用平均集中率测量产业集聚度。引入要素禀赋条件、外部性、规模经济、制度政策4个方面13个变量对福建制造业空间分布影响因素进行回归分析。结果表明:福建省路网可达性由沿海中部向四周降低,其中公路区内可达性呈明显的圈层结构,区外可达性为"井"字形分布,铁路、港口和机场形成以福州、厦门—泉州为可达性高值区的马鞍状格局,综合交通网络可达性呈带状分布。不同类型的制造业在空间分布格局上呈现不同的特征,制造业平均集中率高值区呈环状分布,而制造业集中率低值区呈点状分布,与交通可达性的"凹陷区"重合。可达性与制造业空间集聚呈现很强的相关性,并且与不同类型制造业空间集聚相关程度有所差异,与资源密集型制造业空间集聚相关性相对较低。此外,农业丰裕度、自然资源禀赋、知识溢出效应、相对企业规模等其他变量对制造业空间分布也有显著影响。

The Integrated Transportation Accessibility in Fujian Province and Its Correlation with the Spatial Distribution of Manufacturing

Focusing on Fujian Province with counties and cities as the basic research units,the study uses weighted average travel time as an indicator to analyze the accessibility patterns of highways within Fujian Province and those between Fujian and other provinces,as well as those of railways,ports and civil aviations respectively.Then,with the result of these patterns,the accessibility patterns of integrated transportation are elaborated.Finally,the proportionality of transportation space distribution is discussed.Basing on classification method of resources intensive,the selected 28 kinds of manufacturing industries can be classified into resources-intensive manufacturing,labor-intensive manufacturing and capital-intensive manufacturing.Then by Average Concentration Rate,industry centralization is calculated.Selecting 13 variables in the aspects of endowment factors,external economies,scale economies and policies to do regression analysis of influencing factors on the spatial distribution of manufacturing.The results indicate that: the accessibility of integrated transportation in Fujian Province decreases from the central coastal area to the periphery with the accessibility of highways within Fujian Province presenting an obvious circle structure,and the accessibility of highways between Fujian and other provinces taking the shape of "﹟",while railways,ports,and airports form a saddle-shaped pattern of high accessibility around Fuzhou-Xiamen-Quanzhou area.The integrated transportation net shows a zonal distribution.The different types of manufacturing present the different characteristics in spatial distribution: the high value area of manufacturing average concentration rate show an annular distribution and the low value area is distributed dottedly,which coincide with the "sag area" of transportation accessibility.There are strong positive correlations between transportation accessibility and manufacturing industries agglomeration,but the correlation degree is different in various types of manufacturing.For example,transportation accessibility has a low correlative rate with the resources-intensive manufacturing.In addition,the determinative factors of manufacturing industries agglomeration in Fujian Province also include agriculture abundance,natural resources endowments,knowledge spillovers and relative enterprise scale.