辽宁沿海经济带工业环境效率分析

环境效率是生态效率的重要组成部分。基于环境效率对于指导区域经济与环境协调发展的重要意义,以重工业基地辽宁沿海经济带为例作环境效率研究,应用数据包络分析(DEA)和随机前沿分析(SFA)测算辽宁沿海经济带2001~2009年工业环境效率和产出弹性。在此基础上利用Tobit模型构建多元线性回归,分析工业环境效率的关键影响因素。结果表明:2001~2009年辽宁沿海经济带工业环境效率有大幅提高,但与理想状况仍有一定差距。其中大连的工业经济增长主要依靠劳动力推动,对环境成本的依赖正在减小,丹东、营口和葫芦岛3市的工业增长需要牺牲更多的环境成本。重工业化、资本密集化和高新技术化不利于工业环境效率提高,经济发展水平的提高则极大地促进了工业环境效率的提高。所有制结构、生产规模、外商投资和环境管理力度等因素因其作用的两面性,对工业环境效率无有效影响。

Industrial Environmental Efficiency of Costal Economic Belt in Liaoning Province

Environmental efficiency is an essential element of eco-efficiency because of its important role in the evaluation of the level of regional green development.Taking the heavy industrial base in Northeast China,Liaoning coastal economic belt,as the study area,this article measures its industrial environmental efficiency and identified factors′significant function on the transformation of environmental efficiency.In this study,the data envelope analysis(DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) are employed in the computation of industrial environmental efficiency of Liaoning costal economic belt over the period of 2001-2009.Then,this study builds a multiple linear regression using Tobit model to identify factors that influence industrial environmental efficiency.The results indicate that,in 2001-2009,Liaoning costal industrial environmental efficiency improved from 0.15 to 0.44,but there was still a gap compared with ideal production status.Industrial environmental efficiencies of the 6 cities in this area were quite different.Panjin had the highest industrial environmental efficiency and Dandong the lowest.Dalian had the best output elasticity as its industrial growth was promoted mostly by the increase of labor force,and had the least reliance upon environmental cost.However,the growth of industrial economy in the cities of Dandong,Yingkou and Huludao still had strong dependence on the increase of environmental cost.There were 4 factors acting on environmental efficiency significantly.They were proportion of heavy industry,capital-labor ratio,proportion of hi-tech industry and citizens′living standard.The increase of heavy industrial proportion and capitalization reduced industrial environmental efficiency.The development of hi-tech industry also decreased environmental efficiency as it focused on equipment manufacturing and petrochemical industry which produce large amount of waste.Progress of citizens′living standard increased environmental efficiency for citizens not only demanded more industrial products but also requested better surviving environment.Other factors like ownership,production scale,foreign investment,environmental management did not have significant function.The environmental efficiency did not decrease or increase with the reduction of proportion of nation-owned enterprises or large enterprises.The fast augmentation of foreign investment did not pull up environmental efficiency as expected.As the management of environmental quality did not perform continually,it is not useful in the increase of environmental efficiency.In the future industrial development,in order to raise environmental efficiency,Liaoning coastal economic belt should impair the share of heavy industry,develop the hi-tech industry scientifically without causing more severe environmental problems,introduce foreign investment more prudently without bringing in more pollution and strengthen environmental control.