中国畜禽养殖的空间格局与重心曲线特征分析

以中国畜禽养殖的空间格局为研究目标,利用2007年分县的统计数据及农业调查数据,构建标准猪、地均猪、人均猪等指标,使用GeoDa、ArcGIS等软件,借助全局和局部空间自相关分析、空间分布图系、重心曲线等方法,对中国县域畜禽养殖空间分布规律、空间格局进行分析.主要结论:①空间聚类趋势分析表明,标准猪和人均猪在全国和局部聚集特征都显著,而地均猪在全国的聚集特征不明显,局部有聚集特征；②虽然标准猪、地均猪和人均猪等不同的刻画方式对应着不同的分布图系、重心曲线和不同的分区方案,但是却存在着潜在的统一分区方案.只是,每一分区中各级别重心的归属依据与相邻级别重心的间距进行调整.由此,中国畜禽养殖可分为畜养极疏区、稀疏区、相对稀疏区、一般稀疏区、一般区、相对密集区、密集区、高密区等8个区；③存在着一条畜禽养殖疏密分界线,该线自内蒙古新巴尔虎左右旗交界处到海南省东方市西海岸.

Spatial Patterns and Gravity Centers Curve of Livestock and Poultry Breeding in China

This paper aims to examine the spatial distribution patterns of livestock and poultry breeding in China. Using statistical data from Chinese yearbooks and agricultural survey in 2007, the county-level populations of livestock and poultry are estimated in terms of equivalent standardized pig index, per cultivated land pig index and per capita pig index. With the help of spatial data analysis tools in Geoda and ArcGIS software, especially the Moran’s I and LISA statistics, the nationwide global and local clustering trends of the three indicators are examined respectively. The Moran’s I and LISA analysis shows that ESP and PCP are significantly clustering both globally and locally. However, the per cultivated land pig index is clustering locally but not significant globally. Furthermore, the thematic map series and related gravity centers curve are introduced to explore the spatial patterns of livestock and poultry in China. Based on 1-16 levels of the thematic map design, the centers curve for each indicator are discussed in detail. For districting purpose, each level of the three indicators is adjusted by the intervals between gravity centers of near levels, and the level is classified into one of district types. The districting analysis for three indicators shows that there exists a potential uniform districting scheme for China’s livestock and poultry breeding (eight districts in China). As a result, the China’s livestock and poultry breeding would be classified into eight districts: extremely sparse area, sparse area, relatively sparse area, normally sparse area, normal area, relatively concentrated area, concentrated area and highly concentrated area. It is also found that there exists a clear demarcation line between the concentrated and the sparse regions of livestock and poultry breeding in China. The line starts from the county boundary between Xin Barag Left Banner and Xin Barag Right Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west coast of Dongfang County, Hainan Province.