青海省道路结冰变化时空分布特征及其影响等级划分

利用2004—2012年10月至次年4月青海省主要公路沿线自动气象站逐时气象资料,分析了青海省道路结冰的时空分布特征,讨论了道路结冰与地面和气温之间的变化关系,以及积雪深度与地面最高温度的关系。分析表明,青海省道路结冰的空间分布为从东南向西北逐渐减少,结冰时间主要集中在1—4月。由于道路结冰主要取决于气温和积雪深度变化,而地面温度与气温,积雪深度与地面最高温度之间存在显著的线性相关关系,因此分别建立了地温和积雪深度预报模型,从而对道路结冰进行预警。根据道路结冰的持续时间,将道路结冰对交通安全影响程度划分为4个气象等级,分别为极严重、严重、较重和轻度道路结冰。

Temporal Spatial Distribution of Road Icing in Qinghai and Its Impact

The temporal and spatial distributions of road icing are analyzed on the basis of hourly meteorological data from automatic weather stations along the main road over Qinghai from 2004 to 2012, and the linear relationship between road icing and surface/air temperature, snow depth, and maximum temperature is discussed. The results show that road icing gradually reduced from southeast to northwest and mainly occurred from January to April. Analyses suggest that there exists a robust linear relationship between surface and air temperature, snow depth, and maximum ground temperature; therefore, surface temperature and snow depth can be predicted based on those linear models, which can be used for the warning of road icing. The impact of road icing on traffic safty, deponding on the duration of road icing, are divided into 4 grades: extremely severe, serious, relatively serious, and slightly icing.