家庭承包制下土地流转的农户解释:对重庆不同经济类型区七个村的调查分析

利用大量农访数据,检查了家庭承包制度下农业土地利用的重要方面,测算了样点村现有土地流转状况及其农户解释。结果表明:流转规模,总体呈渝西经济走廊快于都市发达圈,更快于三峡库区生态经济圈;流转模式,转包已逐渐被农民所接受和采用,而以现金兑换的出租和转让方式,也渐渐被部分农民所喜欢;流转用途,都市发达圈土地流转后土地利用主要向非农用转变,而渝西经济走廊和三峡库区生态经济圈除小部分向非农用转变外,大部分土地流转后提高了土地利用的集约度。土地权属在总量上制约着土地流转的规模,但这一作用的区域差异不明显;农村土地市场发育程度不仅影响区域土地流转的总体规模,而且是导致不同区域流转规模各异和流转方式演化差异的根本原因;社会保障的完善程度对农民是否愿意离土和采取何种方式离土具有决定性作用;土地流转管理包括权益保障管理和流转后土地用途管理,是规范土地流转主体行为,减少流转纠纷,保障土地流转依法展开的基础性力量。土地流转中,把握宏观经济环境变化背景下的农户心理及其对现有土地流转驱动因素的响应,对安排遵循市场规律和贯彻以人为本价值取向的土地流转制度意义重大。

Farmers' explanations of land transfer under the household responsibility system: The results from seven villages' analysis in Chongqing

Using a large data set gathered in household surveys conducted in Chongqing from December,2003 to April,2005,this paper examines some important aspects of agricultural land use under household responsibility system(HRS).The results indicate that the general trend is that the rate of land transfer is higher in the Yuxi economic corridor than in the metropolitan area,which,in turn,has a higher transfer rate than the Three-Gorges economic zone.Gradually,the mode of subcontracting has been accepted and adopted by the local farmers,and the modes of land renting and alienation in exchange of cash are beginning to appeal to some of the households.Land renting or leasing,is the chief form of land transfer in the metropolitan area,while most farm households in the Yuxi economic corridor and the Three-Gorges economic zone prefer the form of subcontracting,which does not terminate the original contract relations.The responses of land use patterns and land use environment to land transfer are noticeable in the sampling villages.Most of the transferred farmland in the metropolitan area is allotted to non-agricultural uses.In the Yuxi economic corridor and the Three-Gorges economic zone,only a small portion of the transferred land is used for non-agricultural uses and the intensiveness of land use is enhanced for most of it without major changes in land cover.The conditions of land tenure control the scope of land transfer without great inter-regional variation.The degree of development of the rural land market not only impacts the scope of land transfer in the region,but also constitutes the fundamental causes for the inter-regional variation in land transfer scope and in the evolution of transfer modes.Social security plays a decisive role in whether the farmers are willing to quit farming and in what way they will quit farming.Management of land transfer,which includes rights security management and land use management after the transfer,is essential for standardizing the behavior of the principal agents in land transfer,for reducing disputes in transfer and ensuring the smooth proceeding of land transfer according to law.Understanding the psychology of the farm households under the changing macroeconomic environment and their responses to the driving factors for land transfer is of tremendous significance to the establishment of a market law-abiding and human-oriented system for land transfer in China.