Noah-MP陆面模式对干旱区不同下垫面水热通量模拟评估

陆面水热通量的准确模拟可为气候模式提供高质量的下边界条件，对气候模拟和预测具有重要意义。本研究基于干旱区张掖国家气候观象台2021年1月-2022年6月和大满灌区绿洲农田站2020年1-12月的观测数据，评估Noah-MP模式对干旱区荒漠和农田两种下垫面的水热通量的模拟性能。结果表明：Noah-MP模式模拟的干旱区荒漠下垫面辐射及感热和潜热通量的变化特征、峰谷值与观测值总体一致，模拟效果较好；模拟的5 cm土壤湿度对降水过程有明显的响应，表现出明显的冷暖季差异，但其模拟性能仍有待改进。Noah-MP模式对干旱区农田下垫面辐射通量及各层土壤温度的模拟效果较理想，但模拟的潜热通量及各层土壤湿度较观测值偏低，尤其在生长季模拟性能并不理想。总体而言，Noah-MP模式对干旱区荒漠下垫面水热通量的模拟性能优于农田下垫面，优化和发展模式水文过程的参数化方案，在模式中考虑人为作用，是提高干旱区陆面过程模式模拟能力的重要方向。

Assessment of the Noah-MP Land Surface Model Simulation Performance on the Water and Heat fluxes of the Different Underlying Surface over Arid Region

Accurately simulation of the exchange of water and heat flux between land and atmosphere can provide high-quality boundary conditions for climate models, which is of great significance for improving climate prediction. In this study, using the comprehensive observation data at the Zhangye national climate observatory and Daman superstation over arid region, the simulation capabilities of the Noah-MP model were evaluated for water and heat flux in desert and cropland underlying surfaces. The results showed that: The variation, peak and valley values of radiation and turbulent flux in the desert underlying simulated by Noah-MP model were generally consistent with the observed values, and the simulation performance was good. The simulated 5 cm soil moisture had obvious response to the precipitation, and showed obvious difference between cold and warm seasons, but its performance still needed to be improved. The simulated capabilities of the NOAH-MP model for the radiation flux and soil temperature of each layer in the cropland underlying over arid region were reasonable, but the simulated latent heat flux and soil moisture of each layer were lower than the observations, and the simulation performance was not ideal especially in the growing season. Generally speaking, the simulation performance of NOAH-MP model on desert underlying surface is better than that on cropland over arid region. Optimization and development of hydrological process parameterization scheme in the model, and consideration of anthropogenic effects in the model, are important directions to improve the simulation performance of land surface model over arid region.