Atmospheric sources and soil filtering of PAH content in karst seepage waters |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Senacka 1, PL31002 Krakow, Poland;2. Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Ave., Athens 11635, Greece;1. Gran Sasso Science Institute, viale Francesco Crispi, 7 L’Aquila 67100 (AQ), Italy;2. Institute for Space Sciences (CSIC/IEEC), Barcelona E-08193, Spain;3. Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies, 10 Burlington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland;4. Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg D-69117, Germany;1. Univ. Savoie, LCME, F-73000 Chambery, France;2. INRA, CARRTEL, F-74200 Thonon-les-Bains, France;3. CNRS, EDYTEM, F-73000 Chambery, France;1. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA;2. Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA;3. Department of Geosciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USA;4. NASA Ames Research Center in Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;5. Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;6. Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA |
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| Abstract: | The analysis of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in karst environments has provided an assessment of the vulnerability of karst water and the study of PAH records in stalagmites. The major source of PAHs has generally been considered to be the soil. In this study, we report the quantification of PAHs in the ecosystem compartments of a mountain karst system over a snow-melting period and the spring to summer dry period. PAH profiles in karst seepage waters were consistently similar to those in wet deposits, following the change in PAH profiles between winter and summer periods. However, PAH signatures of atmospheric wet deposits were modulated by a loss of the high molecular weight PAHs, which appear to accumulate in soils. A PAH mass balance was calculated during a summer storm event. This mass balance suggests that dry deposits and canopy throughfall could account for the PAH abundance in karst seepage waters. This study demonstrates the ability of organic hydrophobic compounds to be directly transferred from the atmosphere or canopy into seepage waters, giving new emphasis to the study of PAHs recorded in stalagmites. |
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