微动测试技术在古建筑拱桥结构检测中的应用

在古桥梁建筑结构保护中,无损高精度检测一直是一个重要的研究课题。为识别古桥梁拱桥的结构损伤问题,以上海青浦迎祥桥为研究对象,采用全站仪对桥梁结构的变形进行观测及分析,评价桥梁的变形及受力状态;采用微动测试技术,获取结构的损伤动力特性参数,包括固有频率及振动模态。通过分析现有桥梁的模态分布,观测振动模态的突变位置确定结构损伤位置,比较结构的变形特性,对结构的损伤程度进行评价。

Application of Microtremor Measurement Techniques to Detection of Structural Damage of an Ancient Arch Bridge

There are vast territorial and crisscrossing rivers in China.During thousands of years,the Chinese people have built hundreds of thousands of bridges.With diverse structures composed of various materials,these bridges,which are treasures of Chinese architecture,represent,to some extent,the history of Chinese culture.These ancient bridges,though witnessing extreme weather,have been,and are being,damaged due to construction limitations,long time of loading,and the continuous dynamics of erosion and other natural and human factors.Given this situation,it is critical to protect these ancient bridges with detection technology that does not damage the bridges.For the protection of ancient bridge structures,high precision detection technology that does not damage the detected targets has been an important research topic.To identify damages to ancient bridges with arch-bridge structures,the Shanghai Yingxiang Bridge in the Qingpu District is analyzed in this study.The structural features are analyzed and the deformed part of the structure is determined with the help of a total station device to evaluate the deformation and stress states of the bridge.Furthermore,with the application of micro-motion testing technology,the dynamic characteristic parameter of the structural damage,which includes the intrinsic frequency and vibration mode,is determined.After the analysis of the mode distribution of existing bridges and the observation of mutation of the vibration mode,quantitative evaluation of the structural damage is performed by comparing the deformation features of the structure after locating where the structural damage has occurred.Based on the experimental analysis of this study and considering the structural characteristics and the present situation of the damage,the observation point is set.The location and form of the damage is qualitatively delimited and the three modal distributions of the Yingxiang Bridge are obtained using microtremors.Comparing the three natural frequencies of the numerical results with the microtremor measurements,the significant weaknesses in the whole structure are determined.There is some damage to the Yingxiang Bridge.According to the measurement results,the bridge pier D is damaged most seriously.This indicates that the concrete curing of the middle bridge pier caused the imbalance of stiffness.The Yingxiang Bridge needs reinforcement by concrete,with large amounts in the middle pier of the bridge,to ensure sufficient stiffness to load bearing.In conclusion,microtremor measurements are useful in the detection of damage to ancient arch-bridges.