黑河流域水资源动态变化与绿洲发育及发展演变的关系

通过探讨流域及绿洲发育及其发展演变的水资源动态变化的特征,阐明它们之间的独特关系,并以此来揭示绿洲系统发育的河流流域地带性问题及特征。研究表明,本区水资源动态变化主要在径流形成、利用和消失三个区域内具有依次性体现的特征。其中占总流域面积10%左右的河川径流形成区,对全流域的水资源动态变化具有先决性作用,并在各个区域水动态变化体现上又受到系统对水的吞吐、留存、蒸散和转化能力大小的影响。因此,河流流域是地域分异现象中通过水流作用所体现出的水平地带性与垂直地带性的一种交汇,同时也是地带性与非地带性系统分异的主要区域。作为河流流域地带发育的绿洲系统,其发展演变规律和特征是相当独特的,如开放性、动态性、脆弱性以及资源有限性等。其中有限的水土资源及其动态变化是制约区域内各层次流域发展及绿洲系统发育的关键,并在不同区段上存在着显著差异性,且彼此间常体现出互为依存、互为消长的依次性制约关系。如水资源量的多寡、质的优劣和时空动态变化及分布、以及人为作用等决定着绿洲类型体现和规模分布、发育层次及阶段或发展演变过程及趋势、和社会经济价值体现等。

Relationship between the dynamic change of water resources and the oasis development and evolution in the Heihe River Basin

This study aims at the dynamic change of water resources and the oasis development and evolution in the Heihe River Basin so as to reveal the special relationship between them and the natural zonality and distribution laws of the oasis development in the basin.The results show that the dynamic change of water resources in the Heihe River Basin is mainly reflected by three aspects,i.e.,the formation,utilization and disappearance of runoff respectively,the runoff formation area accounting only for 10% of total area of the Heihe River Basin plays a dominant role in the dynamic change of water resources in the whole basin and affects the capabilities of take-in and send-out,conservation,evapotranspiration and conversion of water resources.Therefore,the basin is not only a region where the interaction between the horizontal zones and the vertical zones of regional fluviation occurs,but also a main region where the differentiation of zonal fluviation and non-zonal fluviation occurs.The development and evolution of the oasis system are opening,dynamic,vulnerable and limited in resources.The limited water and soil resources and their dynamic change are not only the key factors affecting the oasis development and the drainage basin evolution,but also the main causes bringing about their interdependence,inter-fluctuation and inter-conditionality.Therefore,the differences in water quality,volume of water resources,spatiotemporal dynamic change of water resources and human activities result in the different effects on the drainage basin formation and oasis development as well as their evolution and the development level of regional society,economy and ecosystems.