青岛流亭机场海风特征分析及对飞行的影响

通过分析2008—2016年青岛流亭机场(简称青岛机场)各季节地面风向日变化规律，发现有两支海风环流影响青岛机场：一支是西支海风，风向210°～230°，一般上午影响机场，午后发展至最强，下午消失；另一支为南支海风，风向150°～170°，午后影响机场，下午取代西支海风，傍晚发展至最强，夜间逐渐减弱消失。两支海风夏季最为明显，南支海风强度季节性差异强于西支海风。海风对机场飞行的影响主要体现在两支海风引起的三种海风锋型低空风切变，分别为西支海风锋引起的侧风切变、两支海风环流相互作用引起的侧风切变以及南支海风引起的顺风切变，其季节及日变化规律为：夏季出现概率最大，春、秋季次之，冬季几乎不会发生；一天中最可能发生时段分别为08：00—11：00、12：00—15：00和15：00—17：00，具体时段在各季节略有差异。

Analysis on the characteristics of sea breezes at Qingdao Airport and their impacts on the flight

By analyzing the diurnal variation of the surface wind direction at Qingdao Liuting International Airport (Qingdao Airport for short) from 2008 to 2016, it is found that there are two sea breeze circulations influencing Qingdao Airport. One is the west branch sea breeze (WBSB), whose direction ranges from 210° to 230°. It generally affects the airport in the morning, reaches the peak in the afternoon, and then gradually disappears. The other is the south branch sea breeze (SBSB), whose direction ranges from 150° to 170°. It affects the airport in the afternoon, then replaces WBSB, reaches its peak in the evening, and fades away at night. The two sea breezes are the most obvious in summer, and the seasonal intensity variation of SBSB is stronger than that of WBSB. The main impact of the sea breezes on the flight is three types of sea breeze frontal low-level wind shear (SBFLLWS): two types of cross wind shear caused by WBSB front and the interaction of two sea breeze circulations respectively, and the tail wind shear caused by SBSB. The seasonal variation of SBFLLWS is that the probability is the highest in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and almost the least in winter. Three types of SBFLLWS are respectively most likely to occur from 08:00 to 11:00, from 12:00 to 15:00, and from 15:00 to 17:00, and the specific period of time varies slightly in each season.