防治海洋工程建设项目对海洋环境的污染损害法律问题研究

近年来海洋工程建设项目随着海洋经济的繁荣日益增多，在带动海洋经济发展的同时也增加了危害海洋环境的可能性，过度的海洋开发活动加重了对海洋环境的污染及生态系统的破坏程度。我国虽在立法上制定了一系列法规政策、专门条例为海洋工程污染防治保驾护航，但是目前海洋工程污染防治并未引起法学界的过多关注和深入研究。在我国海洋工程污染防治中仍然存在如下问题亟待解决：海洋工程环境影响评价制度的程序及责任设定问题、海洋工程听证制度公众参与度不足、海洋工程环境高风险领域责任保险制度不够完善、监管力度不足、公民对海洋工程污染防治知情权的缺失等。通过对以上问题进行法律分析及原因分析，对相关条例、法律及政策进行总结评析，提出解决对策。通过完善环境影响评价制度，健全听证制度相关规定，加强环境污染责任保险制度建设，提升对海洋工程污染防治的监管力度，明确公民知情权等方式来解决所提出的问题，为海洋工程污染防治提供更多的法律助推力量。

Study on the Legal Issues of Preventing and Controlling Pollution Damage to Marine Environment Caused by Ocean Engineering Construction Projects

In recent years, with the increasing prosperity of marine economy, marine engineering construction projects not only had promoted the development of marine economy, but also increased the possibility of harming the marine environment. Excessive marine development activities aggravated the pollution of the marine environment and the damage degree of the ecosystem. Although China has made a series of laws and regulations and special regulations to protect the prevention and control of marine engineering pollution, the prevention and control of marine engineering pollution has not attracted much attention and in-depth research in the legal circle. The following problems to be solved still exist in pollution prevention and control of marine engineering in China, such as ocean engineering system of environmental impact assessment procedures and responsibility set problem, marine engineering hearing system lack of public participation, imperfect marine engineering environment risk liability insurance system, inadequate supervision, citizens of ocean engineering, the lack of pollution prevention and control of right to know. Through the legal analysis and cause analysis of the above problems, the relevant regulations, laws and policies were summarized and evaluated, and solutions were proposed. By improving the environmental impact assessment system, improving the relevant provisions of the hearing system, strengthening the construction of the environmental pollution liability insurance system, enhancing the supervision of the prevention and control of marine engineering pollution, clarifying the right of citizens to know and other ways to solve the problems raised, more legal impetus for the prevention and control of marine engineering pollution would be provided.