中美城际科技创新合作网络的空间演化

知识与技术是科技创新的重要表征，中美科技竞争与合作成为世界经济地理研究的热点和前沿。本文集成数据挖掘、知识计量、社会网络和GIS空间分析方法，从论文合著、专利合作及专利交易三个维度，刻画了中美科技创新合作网络的空间演化规律：（1）中美参与双边科技创新合作的城市数量持续增长，但美国城市仍占据主导位置；（2）参与科技合作的节点以高校科研院所集中、科技创新能力突出的城市为主，且保持时间惯性和空间粘性；（3）论文和专利等知识合作城市的空间分布相对分散，而专利技术转移则具显著空间集聚性，高度集中于少数科技创新中心；（4）中国科技创新合作枢纽城市高度集中于东南部沿海和和港澳地区，而美国则呈明显的接触扩散特征；（5）中美城市科技创新合作呈现网络化态势，论文合作网络由三核点对式主导向四核轴—辐式演化，专利合作联系范围日益分散，高度依赖个别枢纽城市；（6）中国对美国的专利技术依赖度过大且持续加深，而美国对中国则持续减弱。

Spatial evolution of Sino-US inter-city scientific and technological cooperation network

Knowledge and technology are important characterizations of technological innovation. Sino-US scientific & technological competition and cooperation have become the hotspot and frontier of world economic geography. We integrates data excavation, knowledge measurement, social network and GIS spatial analysis methods in this paper. From the three dimensions of paper collaboration, patent cooperation and patent transaction, we describe the spatial evolution of Sino-US scientific & technological cooperation network: (1) Cities participating in bilateral scientific and technological cooperation between China and the United States continue to grow, but American cities still occupy a dominant position；(2) The cities participating in scientific and technological cooperation are those with more research institutes and stronger innovation capabilities, and this pattern maintains time inertia and spatial flexibility; (3) The spatial distribution of paper and patent cooperation is relatively scattered, while the transfer of patent has significant spatial agglomeration and is highly concentrated in a few science& technology innovation centers; (4) The hub cities of science & technology innovation and cooperation in China are highly concentrated in the southeast coast, Hong Kong and Macao, while the United States has obvious contact diffusion characteristics; (5) The urban science & technology cooperation between China and US is shifting to a reticular structure. The paper collaboration network evolute from three-core to quad-core. More cities participating in patent cooperation, and highly dependent on individual hub cities; (6) China more depend on the patent of US，and it continues to deepen; while the United States is the opposite.