经济形态演变对海洋海岛生态环境的影响——以美国海峡群岛为例

海洋海岛生态环境脆弱,一旦遭受破坏难以修复。人类社会历经原始经济时代、农业经济时代、工业经济时代和知识经济时代,经济形态的演变影响着人类生存的生态环境。以美国海峡群岛为例,以时间和事件两个维度对海岛生态环境破坏、生态修复和环境保护进行梳理,侧重于知识经济时代在国家公园管理局管理下的生态修复和环境保护。其中信息知识、生态文明、高新技术是海峡群岛实现生态回归的重要因素。海峡群岛的发展历程和后期的生态修复与管理为其他国家海洋海岛经济发展提供借鉴。

Impact on the Ecological Environment of the Ocean Islands Through the Economic Evolution:A Case Study of the U.S. Channel Islands

Island is an important part of marine ecosystem. The society experienced the evolution of the original human society economy era, agricultural economy era, industrial economy era and knowledge economy era which affects the ecological environment for human survival. We chose U.S. Channel Islands as an example to straighten out the destruction of ecological environment, ecological restoration and environment protection of the islands, in time and events dimensions, especially focused on the era of knowledge economy in the National Park Service. Selected U.S. Channel Islands as the research object for the following reasons. Firstly, there are original residents on the islands, and the islands not only has cultural and historical integrity, but also the relative independence of the island's original inhabitants of the geographical unit. The Islands have a relatively simple and economic form of continuous change, and the spatial and temporal evolution of context are clear. So we can also be easy to describe the problem of it. Secondly, we had repeatedly visited the Channel Islands museum, local museum, maritime museum, the Channel Islands National Park Visitor Center, and collected a lot of data and information; And attended local colleges and universities graduate programs of the Channel Islands as well. Thirdly, we had experienced the ecological rehabilitation of the island. The difficulties of the islands large engineering were quite touched, so islands ecological restoration is a new task faced by the human. Use the case study method, through a lot of literature data analysis and carding detailed the history of the U. S. Channel Islands and their ecological evolution. According to the changing of Channel Islands in the original human society economy era, agricultural economy era, industrial economy era and knowledge economy era in the evolution of the economic form analysis. Make form to explain the event of ecological restoration since the establishment of the Channel Islands National Park; and the content and status quo of the ecological restoration for the five islands of Channel Islands National Park. The five islands are San Miguel Island, Santa Rosa Island, Santa Cruz Island, Anacapa Island, Santa Barbara Island. The research focused on ecological restoration and environmental protection through the management of the National Park Service in knowledge economy era. Many managements were made for protecting islands ecological environment planning: such as establishing all kinds of sea islands reservation; to formulate detailed rules in the park; mobilizing the shore city and community participation in ecological restoration and environment protection; using the Internet to publicity and education; and making park management plan and so on. The development of the Channel Islands and the ecological restoration and management of the Channel Islands in recent years provided a good lesson for other countries.