干旱区水资源开发利用对生态环境影响的 研究进展与展望

水资源是干旱区生态环境最主要的限制性因子和重要组成部分。干旱区人口和经济规模的膨胀，导致生 产、生活用水不断挤占生态环境用水，部分地区水资源开发利用甚至严重超过了最大极限，导致生态系统不断恶化 甚至难以恢复。干旱区水资源开发利用对生态环境影响的研究越来越受到重视。当前，国内外按照“发生的问题— 产生的机理—调控的标准—过程模拟—情景预测—响应对策”这一逻辑思路，围绕干旱区水资源开发利用对生态 环境的影响进行了大量研究，并取得了明显进展。但干旱区水资源开发利用对生态环境的影响机理研究相对薄弱， 仍难以精确刻画水资源开发利用与生态环境之间的定量关系，难以动态模拟和有效预测水资源开发利用对生态环 境的影响，面向干旱区生态环境的水资源开发利用对策研究在实践中仍面临着较多障碍。因此，未来应以机理研究 为基础，以过程模拟和情景预测为突破口，以综合集成的对策体系建设为落脚点，不断加强干旱区水资源开发利用 对生态环境影响的研究。

Impact of Water Resour ces Exploitation and Utilization on Eco- environment in Ar id Ar ea: Progr ess and Prospect

Water resources are the key restricting factor and one of the important sectors for eco-environment in arid area. During the rapid growth of population and economy in arid area, much water once for eco-environment was used for production and livng, so that in some arid areas, the exploitation and utilization of water resources have approached or exceeded the threshold of natural water resources, and the eco-systems are getting deteriorated or crashed. More and more attention was paid to the impact of water resources exploitation and utilization on eco-environment in arid area. At present, many scholars in China and abroad have studied this topic according to logical thought and obtained obvious progress, including the problems, the mechanisms, the adjustment criterion, the process simulation, the scenario forecast and the response countermeasures. Howerver, study on the impact mechanism of water resources exploitation and utilization on eco-environment in arid area is still weak. The quantitative relationship between water resources and eco-environment can still not be expressed. The impact intensity of water resources exploitation and utilization on eco-environment can not be explicitly simulated and forecasted. Some suggested coutermeasures on water resources exploitation and utilization for eco-environental protection still face many obstacles in practice. Consequently, in the future, we should take the impact mechanism as the base, the process simulation and the scenario forecast as the breakthrough, and the integrated coutermeasures sytem as the final task, and improve the research on the impact of water resources exploitation and utilization on eco-environment in arid area.