华南巨型锑矿带的特征及其制约因素

华南巨型锑矿带位于中国南方扬子陆块与华夏陆块的接合过渡地段，锑矿床都产在沉积地层中，具有显著的层控性，常有整合的层状矿体出现，赋矿地层都显示异常高的锑丰度，充分显示了与沉积盆地演化密不可分的内在联系矿石的硫同位素受赋矿地层层位和沉积相的控制，碳同位素特征反映了深部因素与浅部过程的耦合，铅同位素则暗示研究区地层及其中锑矿化的亲缘关系和统一演化历史．锑是一个趋于在地壳浅部富集的中低温热液成矿元素，因此成熟度越高的地壳块段锑的丰度越高，锑矿产出概率也越大．华南巨型锑矿带的形成乃是扬子陆块南缘沉积盆地长期演化的结果，可能与这一岩石圈块段长期以来强烈的物质分异和再循环有关．

GIANT METALLOGENIC Sb BELT IN SOUTH CHINA AND ITS CONSTRAINTS

The famous metallogenic Sb belt in South China with more than half of the Sb metal production and Sb reserves in the world, is really a unique feature of the Earth's surface. The Sb belt in South China is located in the transitional zone between the Yangtze craton and Cathaysia block. Geological evolution of this region includes an early stage of continental growth along the southern margin of the Yangtze craton, and a late stage of extensional （rifting） sedimentary basin on a continental basement. Sb deposits occur in sedimentary rocks with stratablund and often stratiform ore theies. They show close relation with sedimentary basin evolution, but no indication of direct connection with magmatic processes on the contrary. Hestrocks often show very high Sb concentration. Sulfur isotope comopition of Sb ores is evidently influenced by local stratigraphic unit and sedimentary factes. Carbon isotope features indicate a complex coupling between surface processes and factors from the Earth's deep interior. Lead isotope features of ores and hostrocks imply a consistent source and evolution history of lead in ores and in hostrocks. As a typical hydrothermal metal with low-middle temperatUre, Sb strongly intends to be enriched in surface part of the crust. For this reason, the higher the crust maturity is, the higher its Sb concentration will be, and the more probably Sb ore will occur. During the geodynamic evolution of the Earth, if some Sb-enriched rocks （perhaps with some Sb ores） from crust were involved into a recycling process in the Earth's deep interior, the antimony will spontaneously migrate upwards to the surface. This will create good chances for Sb to be highly eniched in an area. The giant Sb belt in South China was resulted from long evolution history of the southern margin of the Yangtze craton as well as from long time interaction between the Yangtze block and the Cathaysia block. In another word, it is genetically connected with strong material fractionation and recycling during the long-time evolution of this part of lithosphere.