深圳市轨道交通与休闲设施布局的空间协同评估

轨道交通已经成为塑造城市空间结构、组织公共生活的重要手段。在追求线网效率与形态等技术目标的基础上，轨道交通线网布局也越发有必要引入协同性、公平性等理念，寻求轨道交通与城市其他系统在空间上的协同发展，促进公共服务设施依托轨道交通实现公平共享。文章以深圳为案例，采用改进的两步移动搜索法，建构了休闲设施轨道交通可达性模型；按照深圳市轨道交通建设二期（至2011年）、三期第一阶段（至2016年）及三期第二阶段（至2020年）来划分，使用空间可视化、洛伦兹曲线等方法，评估了上述3个不同时段下轨道交通网络与休闲服务设施的耦合关系，比较了轨道交通网络对于休闲服务设施服务人口和空间覆盖面等层面的差异性。研究表明：深圳市轨道交通建设持续提升了城市核心区域休闲设施的轨道交通可达性，外围地区休闲设施轨道交通可达性则经历了先减后增的变化过程。轨道交通建设对于休闲服务设施有显著的空间效应及人口效应，深圳轨道交通可达性前50%的社区约占全市总面积的25%并覆盖全市总人口的40%。研究认为，深圳市乃至其他城市的轨道交通布局应更注重与休闲设施及人口的空间分布进行匹配，重点关注新兴人口增长的区域以及休闲设施资源充裕的区域，促进轨道交通与休闲服务设施协同布局。

Evaluating Spatial Synergy Between Urban Metro Network andLeisure Amenities in Shenzhen

Urban metro is increasingly becoming the most important component shaping sustainable urban spatial structure and daily life in China; consequently, the number of studies conducted on urban metro network planning has increased rapidly during the last decades. These studies have primarily focused on enhancing operational efficiency to achieve certain keytechnical objectives. However, little attention has been paid to studying the spatial synergy between the urban metro network and public amenities, even though this is crucial to the promotion of social equity intransportation and facilities planning. Improving the role of metro networks to facilitate greater access to public amenities could encourage better utilization by the urban population. The importance of leveraging metro networks to promote the use of and access to leisure amenities would subsequently result in a higher quality of life. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate spatial synergy to the planning and evaluation of urban metro networks. Using the city of Shenzhen to conduct the case study, this research aims to evaluate the spatial synergy between urban metro networks and leisure amenities indifferent network construction phases. The Shenzhen metro planning and construction project involved three phases, i.e., PhaseⅡ(2004-2011), PhaseⅢ-1 (2011-2016), and PhaseⅢ-2 (2016-2020). Using the ArcGIS 10.4 software platform, an optimized two-step floating catchment area method was used to build an evaluation model. The results were analyzed using spatial visualization and graphical representation in the form of a Lorenz Curve. First, the findings show that the accessibility of metro-based leisure amenities in urban metros has been continually improving over time. The accessibility there of in suburban areas has been decreasing, but this trend is gradually being reversed with the renewed focus on metro networks in suburban areas.The synergy gap has been widening particularly during phaseⅡand phaseⅢ-1 butis expected to narrow in the upcoming Phase Ⅲ-2. Second, the top 50% of communities ranked onthe basis of accessibility of metro-based leisure amenitiesaccount for 25% of the total municipal territory and 40% of the residential population. Urban metro network expansion will facilitate more equitable access and better quality of life forthe population. The root cause of the inequality is primarily the spatially unbalanced population distribution across urban spaces. Third, it is essential to highlight areas which exhibitthe largest mismatch in terms of the metro station networks, leisure amenities, and population distribution. For instance, the Luohu district facilitates significantly better accessibility to metro-based leisure amenities compared to that available via the metro network coverage across the urban area. This implies that the majority of leisure amenities in the Luohu district have been connected by metro lines. On the contrary, a large portion of the leisure amenities in the Nanshan district were not previously accessible by metro. This changed when new metro lines extending to the southern part of the Nanshan district were built, enabling access to sufficient leisure amenities. This study clarified thespatial synergy between urban metro construction and leisure amenities. Understanding this synergy will facilitate better accessibility, efficiency, and equity among different segments when the station locations are decided, network planning is conducted, and sites are selected for new leisure amenities.