藏东"三江"流域土地沙漠化成因及防治对策

金沙江、澜沧江和怒江是藏东地区著名的国际性大河,“三江“流域作为“江河源“、“生态源“的重要组成部分,它的生态环境变化对当地乃至周边地区都有着重大影响。近年来受全球变暖和人类不合理的开发自然资源的影响,土地沙漠化问题日趋严重,直接影响了当地的经济发展和人民生活。作者在分析了当地土地沙漠化现状、成因的基础上,结合当地实际情况提出三条防治土地沙漠化的对策,并指出保护好“三江“流域的生态环境对当地乃至周边地区都有着十分重要的意义。

Causes and Controlling Countermeasures of Land Desertification in the River Source Region of Eastern Tibetan

The Three Rivers Drainage Basins, including Jinsha River, Lanchang River and Nujiang River in eastern Tibetan, are the main compositions of River Source and Ecological Source. Precipitation, snow\|cover, climate and vegetation as well as ecological change in resources developing process in this area have great effect on the environment of the neighboring regions. In recent years, influenced by global warming and human irrational development to natural resources land desertification is becoming serious, which directly threaten the local ecology and the economy. This paper has proposed the countermeasures of desertification control based the background investigation and the forming causes analysis. In order to protect the ecological environment of the Three Rivers Discharge Basins the main measures to combat desertification are the following: (1) close sandy ground to fertilitate grasses, control the number of animal husbandry, scientifically rotation pasturing for lightening the pressure of grassland according to its capacity; (2) establish and improve the farmland protecting system, adopt scientific cultivating ways for decreasing soil erosion; (3) plant ecological forest according local conditions.