基于浒苔暴发海水池塘的微生物生态特征研究

为研究浒苔对海水养殖环境微生物生态的影响，采用Illumia高通量测序技术测定冬季垦区进水区、浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区水体以及底泥中菌群结构，分析进水区、池塘养殖区和排水区的环境微生物结构演变过程。结果表明:（1）γ-变形细菌、α-变形细菌、放线菌、拟杆菌和δ-变形细菌为海水养殖区的优势细菌门类；（2）进水区水体和底泥微生物种类和多样性指数均高于浒苔池塘和排水区；浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区微生物群落结构较为相似；（3）浒苔池塘的水体微生物以异养细菌为主，底泥以脱硫杆菌等厌氧细菌为主，增加了底泥潜在产生硫化氢的危害；（4）进水区水体含有丰度较高的弧菌和鱼立克次氏体等条件致病性病原菌，而浒苔池塘中含量较低，说明浒苔对弧菌等有一定的抑制作用；但浒苔暴发的池塘和排水区中另一种潜在致病菌黄杆菌类的丰度较高，养殖品种务必防患此类病菌感染疾病的发生。本文从微生态学角度全面揭示浒苔对近岸海区、海水池塘和排水区微生态演变过程的影响，发现了浒苔具有抑制和增加不同致病菌的双重作用，这对水产养殖有一定指导，也为浒苔发生原因、预报、预防等研究提供一定理论参考。

Study on the microbial characteristics of seawater pond based on Enteromorpha bloom

In order to explore the effect of Enteromorpha bloom on the bacterial community, Illumina MiSeq Sequencing was used to investigate the bacterial structure in source water, culture pond and drainage area in this study. The results showed that Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidete and Deltaproteobacteria were the dominant bacteria groups in aquaculture water. Bacterial community in source water had higher in species numbers and Shannon diversity than pond and drainage area with Enteromorpha. Furthermore, pond and drainage area with Enteromorpha was dominated by heterotrophic bacteria in water (mainly Actinomycetales and Flavobacteriales), as well as by anaerobic bacteria in underlying sediment (mainly Desulfobacterales), which increased potential ability to produce hydrogen sulfide. Source water contained high abundance of conditional pathogenic microbe, such as vibrio and Piscirickettsiaceae; whereas little was detected in Enteromorpha-containing pond,which indicated that Enteromorpha had strong inhibitory effect on these pathogens. In addition, Enteromorpha also increased the abundance of Flavobacterium in pond and drainage areas; some genera of Flavobacterium are conditional pathogenic bacteria for aquaculture animal, and need pay attention to prevent such infections disease. Enteromorpha has the dual role to inhibit or increase abundance of different pathogens, and have importance effect to aquaculture. Overall, massive growth of Enteromorpha would produce the significant effect on the bacterial community, and have serious impact on the coastal environment. This study explored the novel findings of the microbial community relevant to Enteromorpha, and will provide guidance for the prevention and control of the green tide.