第二承诺期土地利用、土地利用变化与林业规则的各方观点及对策建议

 由土地利用、土地利用变化和林业（LULUCF）活动产生的生态系统的固碳作用，是降低大气中温室气体浓度增加速度的重要途径之一。1997-2001年，经历了长达4 a的艰苦谈判，最终达成了第一承诺期附件一国家利用LULUCF的规则。2008年开始，国际社会开始磋商第二承诺期附件一国家如何利用LULUCF活动的规则。主要缔约方就第二承诺期LULUCF规则提出了各自的观点，发达国家的观点主要包括提高开展碳汇活动的积极性、降低LULUCF规则的复杂性和减少成本、增加《京都议定书》3.4条款下的合格活动等，其目的是在第二承诺期能够利用更多的碳汇完成减排义务；发展中国家主要提出要系统地考虑土地利用造成的温室气体排放和CO2的吸收。最后，针对附件一缔约方在第二承诺期利用LULUCF活动规则，提出了我国应采取的对策建议。

Parties Views and Suggestions for Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry Rules for the Second Commitment Period

Enhancing carbon sequestration in land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the most important means to reduce the growth rate of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. It took 4 years (1997-2001) to reach agreement on definitions, modalities, rules and guidelines related to LULUCF activities under the Kyoto Protocol. In 2008, international community began to negotiate how to treat LULUCF rules for the second commitment period. The views on means to achieve mitigation objectives of Annex I Parties are summarized. The main position from developed countries is to offer more incentives to reduce emissions and enhance removals, to reduce the complexity of LULUCF rules and the costs, and to include more eligible activities under Article 3.4 of Kyoto Protocol. The aim is to utilize more carbon sinks generated by LULUCF activities to fulfill the emission reduction commitment. The main position from developing countries is to consider the emission and uptake from LULUCF activities symmetrically. At the end of this paper, suggestions on the development of LULUCF rules for the second commitment period are proposed.