西南岩溶山地乡村景观格局与石漠化调控展望

西南岩溶山地乡村景观格局石漠化过程的生态认识落后于生态治理措施。面对国家需求，优化乡村景观格 局对石漠化发生过程的调控，未来优先研究领域：⑴识别岩溶山地乡村景观格局的转换、渐变和基本不变的层次 性，测算不同尺度下乡村景观类型及其空间组合的贡献；⑵认识不同类型乡村景观空间分布的生态学意义及其对 区域石漠化整体程度的影响，找出不同乡村景观演化格局下的石漠化效应；⑶厘定岩溶山地高强度人类活动及其 所诱导的乡村景观格局演化对石漠化的作用效应，构建乡村景观石漠化的成因框架；⑷探讨乡村景观格局制约下 有利于石漠化土地恢复的格局优化模拟，丰富人们对岩溶山地乡村石漠化发生过程的理解和认识。

Rural Landscape Patterns and Controlling Rocky Desertification in Karst Mountainous Areas, Southwestern China: Recent Achievements and Future Work

Sustainable rural development and rural landscape (including structures, functions and spatial-temporal modes) presented close relationships karst mountainous areas, southwestern China. For a long time, rural unreasonable development and utilization resulted in some ecological problems, such as serious land desertification, soil erosion and degradation of forest ecosystems. Moreover, they took on the stacks and combinations of various ecological problems, thus restricting rural sustainable ecological-economic development. Therefore, understanding of comprehensive controlling of rock desertification in karst mountainous areas, southwestern China, is important for improving the service functions of karst ecosystem through reasonably distributing rural landscape patterns and optimizing human land use activities. Presently, researches on rock desertification background, drivers and future scenario simulation of rural landscape have already obtained some achievements. Moreover, some successful models have restored/restructured rock desertification ecosystem. But the information of ecological ideals on rural landscape rock desertification should be applied back to ecological controlling practices. Faced with the demand at national level for providing a scientific understanding of controlling rock desertification through optimizing rural landscape patterns, the studies will aim at the following priority aspects in karst mountainous areas: (1) identifying transformation, modification and maintaining of rural landscape patterns, and measuring the contribution weights of rural landscape types and their spatial patterns at different scales; (2) understanding the ecological ideas of different rural landscape patterns and their effects on rural rock desertification, and recognizing the rock desertification effects of rural landscape patterns; (3) analyzing interaction between the high strength human activities as well as their corresponding rural landscape patterns and the rock desertification, and building the framework of rural landscape rock desertification drivers; and (4) discussing rural landscape patterns prone to rock desertification restoration, and improving people's understanding and identification of the process of rural rock desertification effects. Based on these understandings, future research, with the target of reducing rural rock desertification, will pay more attention to two aspects: controlling total areas and spatial patterns of rural rock desertification, in order to optimize rural landscape patterns. Through these means, we can conscientiously do these works for the optimum of rural landscape patterns and the restoration and controlling of rock desertification in karst mountain.