松散体边坡灾害自组织临界性及工程应用研究

我国的松散体边坡灾害频繁。为了解松散体边坡灾害的共性，从整体上认识其规律性信息，文章采用多种形式的非均匀沙堆作为松散体边坡灾害的概化模型，通过多组实验研究其演化行为规律。自组织临界性是解释具有无序的、非线性复杂系统行为特征的理论之一，分形和闪烁噪声是其空间与时间结构的特征。实验发现几种概化模型表现出自组织临界性。分析滑坡、崩塌及泥石流等松散体边坡灾害实例，也发现其呈现自组织临界性特征。研究表明幂律特征及自组织临界性是许多松散体边坡灾害的共性。进一步模拟真实的松散体边坡的组成特征和某些防治工程措施，进行对比实验，表明不同工程措施的防治作用。最后结合挡、锚、喷、排等工程防治措施，探讨了自组织临界理论对松散体边坡灾害防治的指导作用。

Self-organized criticality of the loose media slope disasters and its application in the protection engineering

The loose media slope disasters are frequent in China. For finding out the common property of the disasters and understanding the integral regularity, some kinds of sand-pile and non-uniform sand-gravel were designed as the generalization models of the loose media slope disasters. We researched evolvement of the sand-pile systems by the aid of the experiment.Self-organized criticality is one of the theories for explaining the characteristics of the disorder,nonlinear and complex systems. Fractal and flicker noise are the spatial and temporal characteristics of the system of self-organized criticality. The generalization models showed self-organized criticality in the experiments. The coast, the landslip and the debris avalanche are disasters of the loose media slope. We analyzed some instances of them. The result showed all of them have the characteristics of power-law distribution and self-organized criticality.Self-organized criticality is the common property of many of the loose media slope disasters.Based on these, some contrastive experiments were made. The experiments simulated the component of the loose media slope and protection engineering measures. And the experiments indicated the protection effects for the different engineering measures. Finally, the guiding actions of self-organized criticality for the engineering of the loose media slopes were researched relating the protection engineering measures such as blocking, anchoring, sprinkling and draining.