南极罗斯海2012年夏季海冰特征分析

利用卫星海冰密集度资料和船基海冰走航观测数据分析了2012年12月至2013年3月南极罗斯海海冰密集度、厚度和浮冰尺寸等参数的时空变化特征。12月下旬罗斯海西侧浮冰区南北向宽约1 000 km,沿雪龙船航线平均密集度在5成以上,平均海冰厚度为100 cm,平均冰上积雪厚度为16 cm,高密集度区域主要为尺寸较小的块浮冰(2—20 m)和小浮冰(20—100 m),低密集度区域主要为大尺寸浮冰(500—2 000 m)。1月和2月罗斯海大部分海域无海冰覆盖,3月海冰迅速冻结,下旬即覆盖整个罗斯海。SSMIS和AMSR2两种卫星遥感数据均能较好反映航线上的真实海冰密集度状况,AMSR2产品与观测符合更好。与1978—2012的气候平均值相比,观测区在2012年夏季冰情偏重。本文的分析结果可帮助我们了解罗斯海海冰的时空特征,为中国后续罗斯海科考提供参考。

SEA ICE DISTRIBUTIONIN THE ROSS SEA,ANTARCTICA, DURING THE AUSTRAL SUMMER OF 2012

We analyzed the distribution of sea ice in the Ross Sea during the austral summer of 2012. Parameters including sea ice concentration, thickness, and floe size were investigated using satellite data and ship-based observations. In late December sea ice extent was about 1 000 km from north to south, average sea ice concentration was greater than 50%, average sea ice thickness was about 100 cm, and average snow depth was about 16 cm. In areas of high ice concentration, ice cakes (2–20 m) and small floes (20–100 m) predominated, while in areas of low ice concentration medium floes (100–500 m) and big floes (500–200 m) predominated. Most of the waters were ice-free in January and February, but in March sea ice grew rapidly and by April the entire Ross Sea was covered with ice. Sea ice concentrations derived from AMSR2 and SSMIS were in accordance with the field observations in most locations, with deviations of 15% and 20%, respectively. Therefore, AMSR2 performed better. The results of this paper provide a good reference for future CHINARE Ross Sea cruises.