喀斯特高原盆地聚落空间演变——以贵州省红枫湖水系盆地为例

贵州是我国喀斯特分布最广的地区,喀斯特高原盆地是贵州主要的人口聚集地。充分认识高原盆地聚落的空间分布及其演化态势,对区域城镇规划、社会主义新农村建设及可持续发展有重要意义。以红枫湖水系盆地为例,基于GIS技术及相关软件,主要利用景观格局指数、Moran’s I系数以及居民点数据与等高线数据的空间叠置及转换技术,从水平和垂直两个维度对案例地区聚落空间分布的变化进行研究。研究表明:喀斯特高原盆地聚落的空间分布和演变具有强烈的喀斯特地域基因,在喀斯特地貌的限制下聚落总体分布分散;近年来聚落规模不断增加,在局部有一定小规模集聚并随地形限制而表现出不同的集聚形式和集聚程度;而随着数量的增多和规模的增大,聚落形态更为复杂且景观趋于破碎,空间分布更加复杂;喀斯特地貌的垂直空间特点在决定聚落的垂直分布及演变规律的同时也加剧了聚落空间分布的复杂性。

Settlement Spatial Distribution in Karst Plateau Basin: Take the Basin of Hongfeng Lake in Guizhou Province as A Case

Guizhou Province has the mostly widely distributed karst landscape in China and 73% of the total land area is in karst.Population mainly gathers in Karst plateau basin,so recognize its settlement distribution and change is very important to regional town planning,new socialist countryside construction and sustainable development.The paper took karst plateau basin region of Hongfeng lake watershed as a study area,based on GIS technology and software especially the landscape pattern index and Moran’s I index which is related to the analysis of settlements spatial character from horizontal direction,as well as the space technology of superposition and transition form vertical direction,analyzed the change of settlement spatial distribution in Karst plateau basin.In conclusion,the spatial distribution and change of settlement was affected by Karst terrain and appeared scatter in plateau basin area;recently the scale gradually increase and local small-scale clustering settlement showed a different concentration in the form and degree by the terrain;with the increase in the number and size,the settlement pattern became more complex and landscape more broken;In addition,the essentiality of vertical space in Karst not only determined the character of vertical distribution and evolution but also strengthened the complexity.