河南省主要农作物虚拟水空间分布及水资源配置研究

虚拟水是当今水科学的研究热点,被认为是解决粮食与水资源安全的重要策略。在计算河南省2009年3种主要农作物生物需水量的基础上,结合作物单产得到初级产品单位虚拟水含量,明晰了这3种主要农作物的"虚拟水"空间分布格局。研究结果表明:河南省3种主要农作物中,棉花的单位虚拟水含量最高,玉米最小。空间上小麦的单位耗水量在三门峡最高,漯河最低;玉米的单位耗水量在三门峡最高,许昌最低;棉花的单位耗水量在鹤壁最高,信阳最低;3种作物单位虚拟水含量从东南向西北增加,尤其在东西方向最明显,但是不同作物又有细微差别。中东部水资源短缺区应提高玉米和小麦的种植面积,丘陵和山前平原单位耕地地表水丰富区可种植虚拟水含量较高的作物。提供了从虚拟资源视角认识水资源消耗的实证,可以对河南省农作物布局提供科学依据。

Study on Spatial Distribution of Virtual Water of Main Crops and Water Resources Allocation in Henan Province

Virtual water has become the central issue of water sciences,and has been regarded as a main countermeasure to solve risks of food security and water security.The authors investigated the temporal and spatial patterns of the virtual water content(m3/t) and ecological water demand for wheat,maize and cotton in Henan Province in 2009.The results show that cotton had the highest water demand per kilogram,followed by wheat and maize.Spatial variations were evident.Per kilogram wheat and maize consumes more water in Sanmenxia,while cotton in Hebi.Per kilogram wheat,maize,cotton consumes water least in Luohe,Xuchang and Xinyang.Virtual water content of crops increases from southeast to northwest.It should enlarge wheat,maize planting area in the middle-eastern plain where water resources is shortage.It can plant crops whose virtual water is higher in piedmont plain and hills where is rich in surface water resources.These findings provide insights on the water demand of the three crops whose,and thus are meaningful for decision-maker