基于GIS技术的全国地面塌陷灾害危险性评价

本文运用GIS的缓冲区、叠加、空间分析等功能，从地貌类型、碳酸盐岩类型、水文地质条件、人类活动及土地利用因素方面，对以岩溶塌陷和采空塌陷为代表的中国地面塌陷灾害危险性进行评价。其中模型中各影响因素的权重值主要是通过层次分析法来确定；而影响因素中的分类值则是地面塌陷点的分布概率。评估结果表明，地面塌陷极高危险区主要分布在中国的广西、贵州、云南，其次是湖北、湖南、重庆、四川、陕西。

Application of GIS to the Assessment of Surfaces Collapse Hazards in China

Assessment of collapse hazards (karst collapse and mining collapse) on the nation wide scale is very important in government decision making. In this paper, the author describes the analytical and assessment methods which use GIS function, such as buffer analysis, overlay analysis, and spatial analysis. The influencing factors considered include carbonate rock type, geomorphic type, hydrogeological condition, human activities and land use. Human activities consist of urbanization, mining, highway and railway. All of these factors were digitized as corresponding layers and assigned values based on the distribution probability of collapses. In order to determine the weight of each factor to the hazard, AHP (The Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used. The assessment result is divided into five levels, i.e., very high risk, high risk, medium risk, low risk, and very low risk. It is shown that the very high risk and high risk areas are mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, followed by Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Shaanxi.