三维地震勘探数据的剩余静校正方法研究与软件实现

剩余静校正的目的是消除地震道中由近地表因素造成的静态剩余时差的影响，通常以时差的四因子分解模型为基础建立剩余静校正方程组，并采用迭代求解方法获得剩余静校正量。但实际上，由于地层的倾斜，时差中还应包含横向和纵向倾角项，因此本文首先对剩余校正的理论模型进行了改进，提出了以扩展面元为计算单元的时差分解六因子模型。又由于地层的走向具有局部线性性，因此剩余动校正项，横向及纵向倾角项系数仅在一些给定的面元上计

The Researching and Realizing of Residual Static Correction Method in 3 D Seismic Prospecting Data

The purpose of residual static correction is to eliminate the influence of residual moveout caused by near-surface layers on the seismic traces. In conventional processing, the residual statics have been obtained by solving a set of linear equations, which is based on the four-factors model of time-shift decomposition. In practice, there are still cross dip and inline dip in the time-shift as sloping of stratum. Therefore, in this paper the mathematics model of 3-D residual static correction has been improved, the six-factors model of time-shift decomposition taking expanded cell as the unit of calculation have been given. And because stratum in a small region is usually linear, so the coefficients of residual moveout and cross dip, inline dip only on some specified cells have been calculated by solving equations, and the coefficients on other cells have been obtained by linear interpolate. In addition, some new processing techniques such as grouping technique for picking time-shift and residue error analysis for solving equations have been presented, and a program for real processing has been developed. The actual data show that quite good results can be obtained. Comparing with the result of MISER module processing, the signal-to-noise ratio of data has been enhanced, the reflection characteristics of structure are clearer, the continuity and smoothness of events have been obviously improved.