三维地质建模中的多源数据融合技术与方法

建模数据多源性是三维地质建模最大的特点，模型构建的关键是将这些数据有效地融合以提高模型的精度和可靠性。首先统一地理、地质、物探、化探、遥感、钻探、采矿等建模数据的坐标系和比例尺，构建原始资料数据库。然后运用等高线数据构建数字高程模型（DEM）面，以DEM面为载体实现了地表填图路线PRB（point-routing-boundary）数据、矢量地质图、栅格地质图、遥感影像图等地表地质数据的有效融合；在已有地表地质数据和地下地质数据约束的条件下，通过约束及离散光滑插值技术实现了地表地质数据和地下地质数据的融合；根据已有建模数据确定合理的建模单元，对数据库中的点、线、面、体等数据进行归类，构建与建模单元一致的原始资料数据库。最后在原始资料数据库中，以高精度地质数据为约束对物探数据进行地质解译，综合已有建模数据，并考虑地质体的三维空间展布，实现了不同精度数据之间的融合；以主要建模数据构建初始地质界面，以高精度建模数据对已构建的初始地质界面进行约束，实现了主要建模数据与次要建模数据的融合。其中，点对线约束、点（线）对面约束、面对面约束等约束建模技术在建模数据融合过程中起重要作用。

Technology and Method of Multi-Data Merging in 3D Geological Modeling

The polyphyly of the modeling data is the most important character of the 3D geological modeling.The key to the model building is merging these data effectually to increase the accuracy and dependability of the model.This article expounds unifying the coordinate system and scale of geographical, geological, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing, drilling, mining and other modeling data, then using the datum to construct the original database.Use the contour data to construct the DEM (digital elevation model)plane and define DEM surface as a carrier to realize the effective fusion among the surface geological datum such as the surface geological mapping route PRB (point-routing-boundary)data,vector geological maps and remote sensing images;Under the constraint conditions of the surface geological data and underground geologic data,achieve the fusion of geological data and the underground geological data through constraint and DSI (discrete smooth interpolation) technology;According to the existing modeling data to determine the reasonable modeling unit,classify point,line,surface and volume in database,then build the original database as same as modeling units. In the original database,using high precision geological data as the constraint,integrating modeling data and the three-dimensional spatial distribution of geological body, three-dimensional geological interpretation of geophysical prospecting has realized the integration between different data precision;Constructing the initial geological interface with the main modeling data and constraining the initial geological interface with high precision modeling data,we implement the integration between main modeling data and secondary data.Some constraints like constraining line with point,constraining surface with point (line)and constraining a surface with another surface play an important role in the process of modeling data fusion.