旅游地地方感的游客认知研究

体现旅游地地方特征的元素是各种类型旅游体验设计的源泉,引导不同文化背景的游客进行体验认知.形成游客的综合体验感.地方感包含了地方的客观特征和人们的主观认知两方面,而旅游地地方感的认知由地方认同和地方依赖两方面构成:其中地方认同主要来源于游客对地方独特性的感官、情感,以及对地方原真性的思考体验:地方依赖则主要来源于游客对地方依赖性的功能要素的体验.本文归纳旅游地地方感的构成要素,构建了由3大部分、11个因子构成的游客地方感认知测量的指标体系,通过问卷调查对游客的地方感认知进行定量调查.基于调查数据统计得到所有因子的评价得分,采用皮尔森相关分析的方法分析所有凶子之间的相关关系,归纳得到游客地方感认知的规律,以便为旅游地开发、规划、管理提供参考.

Tourist Cognition of Sense of Place in Tourism Attractions

The elements of the sense of place in tourism attractions generate various tourist-experience designs, and they act the role of guiding tourists with diversified cultural backgrounds to gain assorted experiences and cognition, which form the comprehensive sense of tourist-experience. "Sense of Place" is an academic concept consisting of two aspects: the objective characteristics of place and the subjective cognition from human beings. And sense of place in tourism attractions contains two parts: place identity and place dependence. Place identity derives from the visitors' perception, emotion, and it is sensory to the place characteristics and the visitors' reflection of the place authenticity. Place dependence primarily originates from the experiences of functional elements of the place. On the basis of summarizing the elements of sense of place in tourism attractions, this paper formed a framework of measuring system of three parts: the background of place of the tourism attraction, the background of tourists, and the contents of the sense of place. The three parts are subdivided into 11 factors: 1) the diversity of cultural background of the tourist place; 2) the category of the main landscape; 3) the gender of tourists; 4) the age of tourists; 5) the occupation of tourists; 6) the level of education of tourists; 7) the sense of place of tourism attraction before visiting; 8) the characteristics of place; 9) the authenticity of place; 10) the dependence of place; and 11) the comprehensive evaluation of satisfaction. Under the framework of measuring system, the paper conducts a questionnaire, on a sample pool of 397 representative tourists to investigate the cognition of visitors' sense of place of tourism attractions and then uses Pearson correlation analysis to examine the cognitive variables of sense of place. The correlation analysis shows that factor 1 "the diversity of cultural background of the tourist place" is the most significant factor of sense of place of tourism attractions; factor 4 "the age of tourists", factor 6 "the level of education of tourists", and factor 7 "the sense of place of tourism attraction before visiting" have positive impact to some extent. The paper further indicates that the sense of place of tourism attraction is an essential element in evaluating the satisfaction of tourists with tourism attraction. In  conclusion, this paper discusses the regular pattern of visitors' cognition of sense of place, and gives some suggestions to the development, planning and management of tourism attractions.