利用T/P海面高度数据校验验潮站地面升降的初步研究

利用TOPEX/Poseidon卫星1993—2001年的海面测高资料提取了上海和江苏临近海域这9年间的绝对海面变化信息，并与该区域6个验潮站的同时段潮位记录数据进行了对比分析。研究结果表明根据T/P海面高度数据提取的月均海面变化曲线与同海区验潮站测得的同期海面变化过程具有相当好的一致性和同步性，但是根据潮位序列得出的9年平均海面上升速率值均大于根据卫星资料得出的上升速率值。由于卫星测高数据是严格建立在地心坐标基础上的，因此二者的差异在很大程度上应与验潮站所在地点的地面沉降有关。值得注意的是经过地面沉降校正的上海吴淞验潮站数据得出的9年平均海面上升速率值仅比卫星测高结果大0. 43 mm/a，而江苏省射阳河口至三条巷之间5个未经地面沉降校正的验潮站得出海面上升速率与卫星测高结果之间的差值在0.95～3.01 cm/a之间，并呈向北递增趋势。这一对比结果反映该岸段近期的地面沉降速率可能有自南向北增大的趋势，其量值有可能达到年厘米量级。

THE PRIMARY RESEARCHES THAT T/P SEA HEIGHT DATA IS USED FOR REVISED GROUND RISE OR FALL AT THE TIDE GAUGE STATION

The T/P satellite data sea surface height anomaly from 1993 to 2001 is used for the analysis of the information of absolute sea level change on the coast of Shanghai city and Jiangsu province. The information of absolute sea level change is contrasted with six tide gauge data at the same time and region. The results indicate that the two month average sea surface change charts were almost equal and isochroous, and the value of rise speed computed of tide gauge was bigger than that computed from satellite data. The coordinate center of satellite altimetry data was the center of Earth so that the difference between value speed of satellite and the value speed of tide gauge station was correlative with the ground fall at tide gauge. It is noteworthy that the sea surface average rise speed value computed of Wusong tide gauge station in Shanghai city corrected by the round fall was 0.43mm/a above that computed from satellite data. The difference of rising speed was 0.95～3.01cm/a between calculation by the five tide gauges stations from Sheyang station to Santiaogang station in Jiangsu province not corrected by the round fall and computed by the satellite data, and the value of rising speed slowly from south to north. The contrast results indicated that the trend of speed of round fall on coast from Sheyang and Santiaogang increased slowly from south to north, the change value probably reached to one centimeter per year.