旋转正压大气中的非线性Schrödinger方程和大气阻塞

本文利用WKB方法导出了旋转正压大气中的非线性Rossby波所满足的立方Schrödinger方程,指出在1≤m≤2的情况下,非线性Schrödinger方程具有包络孤立波解,同时我们还对大气中的包络Rossby孤立波的流场进行了计算,结果得到了阻塞高压和切断低压等结构,并且这些阻塞系统能够维持五天以上。

NONLINEAR SCHRÖDINGER EQUATION IN THE ROTATIONAL ATMOSPHERE AND ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING

CH₄ emission rates have been measured continuously for the early rice of 1988 and late rices of 1987 and 1988 during entire growing seasons in a rice paddy field in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,China,by using an automatic sampling and analyzing system.During most parts of the seasons CH₄ emission rates showed strong diurnal variations.Bi-mode patterns with the highest value in the afternoon and a second peak at mid-night were generally found for the early rice,while the highest values were almost always found in the night for the late rice.Bi-mode patterns with a second peak in the afternoon were also found during the reproductive phase of the late rice plants.These diurnal variations may be explained by the diurnal variations of the soil temperature and the activity of rice plants.Strong seasonal variations with one peak in the tillering stage and two during the reproductive phase of rice plants were observed for all the three growing seasons.The seasonal variations may be explained by the activity of rice plants,availability of organic substrates in the soil,and the activity of soil bacteria related to soil temperatures,Fertilization did not show significant effects on the total seasonal CH₄ emissions but slightly changed the pattern of the seasonal variations of the CH₄ emission rates.Averaged over the measuring periods and 8 spots,CH₄ emission rates of 7.8 mg m^-2 h^-1 for the early rice and 28.6mg m^-2 h^-1 for the late rice were obtained.Based on these measured data,the total global emission of CH₄ from rice paddies is estimated to be about 90 Tg/yr ranging from 70 to 110,accounting for 20% of the total source of CH₄.