2014年初雪龙船在南极被海冰围困期间海洋气象环境分析

2014年初雪龙船为救援俄罗斯"绍卡利斯基院士"号船,在南极联邦湾被海冰围困,及时掌握雪龙船周边的冰情变化,以及给出准确的天气形势判断和预报,是此次雪龙船顺利脱困的关键。通过对雪龙船被困期间的海冰、气象和海洋环境状况综合分析发现,造成雪龙船被困的主要因素,一是由于雪龙船被困区域靠近大陆架,冰山较多,多年冰和当年冰夹杂在一起,海冰类型较为复杂;二是由于受连续多个气旋影响,在雪龙船受困海域,偏东大风持续时间长,风力大,导致海冰自东向西堆积,致使雪龙船被困。

ANALYSIS OF OCEANIC AND METEOROLOGICAL ELEMENTS WHEN R/V XUELONG TRAPPED IN THE ANTARCTIC PACK ICE ZONE IN EARLY JANUARY 2014

The R/V Xue Long icebreaker was trapped in Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica, after taking part in the rescue of passengers from the Russian vessel Akademik Shokalskiy in January 2014. Monitoring of sea ice information and accurate weather forecasting were key to the successful breakout of the vessel. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of the sea ice, meteorological, and oceanographic conditions to determine the reasons for the vessel becoming trapped. First, sea ice conditions were complex in the area, where first-year ice was mixed with multi-year ice. The area was closed to the continental shelf and was surrounded by large icebergs. Second, continuous strong easterly winds associated with a number of cyclones caused the sea ice to move westward and to accumulate in the area.