中国西部干旱区开发中的生态环境建设方略

中国西部干旱区干旱缺水，荒漠化类型多样，生态环境脆弱。西北地区水土流失面积主要分布在黄土高原，黄河上、中游水土流失面积超过了33万km^2，年侵蚀模数一般在2000－9000t/km^2。塔里木河下游阿拉干地区的沙质荒漠化面积由1959年的1371.22km^2发展到了1996年的1494.29km^2，平均年增长率为0．24％，西部干旱区沙尘暴等自然灾害的危害程度及造成的损失在逐渐增大。通过多种措施保障干旱区的生态安全，是西部干旱区生态建设的出发点和立足点。从资金筹措、技术保障、建设模式、总体效益及管理形式等方面制订西部干旱区生态环境建设途径与方式。

STRATEGY OF ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCTION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF WEST ARID ZONE IN CHINA

Drought and water short as well as desertification type diversity caused ecological environment fragility. The area of water and soil loss is mainly distributed in loess plateau in the west region. Meanwhile, the area of water and soil loss is more than 330000km 2 in the upper and middle reaches of Yellow River. The annual erosion modulus is between 2000 t/km 2 and 9000 t/km 2 generally. Land sandy desertification areas are 1371.22 km 2 in 1959 and 1494.29 km 2in 1996 respectively in Alagan in the lower reaches of Tarim River.Moreover, the annual average growth rate of desertification is 0.24% during the period. The damage degree and loss of some natural disasters including sand dust storm are increased gradually in the west arid zone. Depending on some measurements to ensure ecosafty in arid zone, which is the starting point and foothold of ecological construction in the west arid zone. From some aspects, such as, fund raising, technical support, building pattern, integral benefit and management form, the ways of ecological environment construction should be established in the west arid zone