变质地质学的某些进展

在变质地质学１６０余年的研究历史中经历了从静态到动态两个思维发展过程。本世纪六十年代以前，变质作用的研究以静态思维方法为主，以深度带的概念为代表。六十年代初由于Ｍｉｙａｓｈｉｒｏ提出变质相系概念使变质地质学开始转向动力学方面，但由于变质相系未阐明变质过程中地热体制的变化，因此仍属于静态思维方面。七十年代以来，由于以下几个方面的进展，变质地质学开始以动力学方法为特征：（１）开展了世界范围内的小比例尺变质编图工作，以相组和相系为基础研究变质作用类型及其时空演化规律；（２）由于实验、测试技术和热力学理论的发展，使得人们不仅可以很准确地计算变质岩石的Ｐ－Ｔ条件，而且可以在实验室中模拟多数天然变质反应；（３）以深入的显微结构分析为基础，探讨变质过程中变质结晶作用和变形作用之间的关系；（４）根据热传导理论和现代热力学的原理，正演和反演变质作用的ＰＴｔ轨迹，研究变质作用的动力学过程及其与区域构造环境的联系。

Some Recent Advances in Metamorphic Geology

The research of metamorphic facies geology has experienced two stages in its development over 160 years, viz. the static and dynamic approaches. Before 1960's, it, exemplified as depth zones, was dominated by the static approach. From the beginning of 1960's, the studies of metamorphism has commenced to turn to the dynamic approach through the work of Miyashira who proposed the concept of metamorphic facies series which, however, was still kept in the static framework by that it did not indicate the change of the geotherm with the metamorphic process. Since 1970's, the research of metamorphic geology has been characterized as dynamic approach by the progresses as follows: (1) a world wide mapping of metamorphic belts in small scale has been performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal relations of types of metamorphism in terms of facies series and facies groups within continental crust; (2) by virtue of the development of laboratory experiment, microanalytical techniques and the theory of thermodynamics, it can be precise to calculate the P T conditions of mtamorphic rocks, but to model the most of the natural metamorphic reactions in laboratory; (3) through the detailed analysis of microtextures of metamorphic rocks, the relationship between metamorphic recrystallization and deformation in a metamorphic process can be visualized; (4) on the principles of heat transfer theory and modern thermodynamics, it is probable to determine the metamorphic PTt path by inverse and forward modellings and to evaluate the dynamic process of metamorphism and the linkage of the thermal regime with the involved tectonism.