On the Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Lower-Troposphere Ozone over Europe |
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| Authors: | H E Scheel H Areskoug H Geiss B Gomiscek K Granby L Haszpra L Klasinc D Kley T Laurila A Lindskog M Roemer R Schmitt P Simmonds S Solberg G Toupance |
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| Institution: | (1) Fraunhofer Institute (IFU), D-82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;(2) Stockholm University, S-61182, Sweden;(3) Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICG-2, D-52425 Jülich, Germany;(4) University of Ljubljana, SLO-61000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;(5) NERI, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark;(6) Institute for Atmospheric Physics, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary;(7) Ruder Boskovic Institute, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia;(8) Finnish Meteorological Institute, FL-00810 Helsinki, Finland;(9) IVL, S-40258 Göteborg, Sweden;(10) TNO, NL-2600 JA Delft, The Netherlands;(11) Meteorologie Consult, D-61479 Glashütten, Germany;(12) School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, United Kingdom;(13) NILU, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway;(14) Université Paris XII-CNRS, F-94010 Créteil, France |
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| Abstract: | Surface ozone data from 25 Europeanlow-altitude sites and mountain sites located between79°N and 28°N were studied. The analysiscovered the time period March 1989–February 1993.Average summer and winter O3 concentrations inthe boundary layer over the continent gave rise togradients that were strongest in the north-west tosouth-east direction and west-east direction, respectively. WintertimeO3 ranged from 19 to 27 ppbover the continent, compared to about 32 ppb at thewestern border, while for summer the continentalO3 values ranged between 39 and 56 ppb and theoceanic mixing ratios were around 37 ppb. In the lowerfree troposphere average wintertime O3 mixingratios were around 38 ppb, with only an 8 ppbdifference between 28°N and 79°N. For summerthe average O3 levels decreased from about 55 ppbover Central Europe to 32 ppb at 79°N. Inaddition, O3 and Ox(= O3 + NO2)in polluted and clean air were compared. Theamplitudes of the seasonal ozone variations increasedin the north-west to south-east direction, while thetime of the annual maximum was shifted from spring (atthe northerly sites) to late summer (at sites inAustria and Hungary), which reflected the contributionof photochemical ozone production in the lower partsof the troposphere. |
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| Keywords: | O3 Ox boundary layer lower troposphere Europe distribution seasonal variation |
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