基于资源理论的黄河干流水资源评价

采用循化、小川、兰州、下河沿、青铜峡、石嘴山、三湖河口、头道拐、吴堡、龙门、潼关、三门峡、花园口、泺口和利津共15个黄河干流沿线水文监测断面,计算各水文监测断面水资源多年平均组成。各水文断面监测项目包括水位、流量、气温、水温、pH、电导率、钙、镁、钾、氯离子、硫酸根离子、碳酸根离子、碳酸氢根离子、离子总量、溶解氧、氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮、高锰酸盐指数、生化需氧量、氰化物、砷化物、挥发酚、六价铬、汞、镉、铅、铜、铁、锌和细菌总数等。基于资源理论,采用指标对黄河干流水量和水质进行了统一度量。根据黄河干流实测数据,对水资源化学、物理和生物进行核算,并分析多年水资源变化趋势以模拟黄河干流水资源空间分布状况。最后,势高概念的提出为进一步量化和比较黄河干流的生态发展状况提供基础。

A water resource assessment based on resource exergy—a case study of the mainstream Yellow River

Water samples from the mainstream Yellow River were taken at fifteen sampling stations,including Xunhua,Xiaochuan,Sanhuhekou,Toudaoguai,Wubao,Longmen,Tongguan,Sanmenxia,Huayuankou,Luokou and Lijin.Monitoring from these samples included water level,runoff,air temperature,water temperature,pH,conductivity,calcium,magnesium,potassium,chloride ion,sulfate radical ion,bicarbonate radical ion,total number of ions,dissolved oxygen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,permanganate index,BOD,COD,cyanide,arsenide,volatile phenol,chromium,mercury,cadmium,lead,copper,ferrum,zinc,number of coli-bacilli and oil.Based on the theory of resource exergy,this paper analyses the mainstream Yellow River and unifies its water quantity and quality into a single exergetic index.The chemical exergy,physical exergy and biological exergy are calculated with respect to the field water intake data of the mainstream in order to simulate the distribution of the water resources of the mainstream.Exergetic potential as defined in this paper also lays a solid foundation for depicting and comparing the ecological development of the mainstream Yellow River.