生态地理建模中的多尺度问题

本文在分析生态地理建模内涵的基础上,讨论了生态地理建模中的尺度转换问题、跨尺度相互作用问题、空间尺度与时间尺度的关联问题和多尺度数据处理问题.由于生态地理问题的非线性、生态环境的异质性和随机事件,简单的线性尺度转换方法远不能满足生态地理建模的要求.为了从根本上解决生态地理建模中的时空尺度问题,除需要运用微分几何学和等级理论等经典方法外,还需要引入格点生成法和网格计算等现代理论和技术手段.

ISSUES ON MULTI-SCALES IN ECOGEOGRAPHICAL MODELING

Ecogeographical modeling is quantitatively describing ecosystem structures, spatial patterns and processes on various temporal and spatial scales. Its direct aim is to describe and analyze spatial patterns and processes of taxa. Its final aim is to simulate the spatial evolution law of ecosystems and ecosystem services. Ecogeography is an integration of ecology and geography so that ecogeographical modeling must deal with all scale issues involved in ecology and geography. Scale transformation, cross-scale interaction, linkage between spatial scale and temporal scale, and multiscale data fusion are essential works of ecogeographical modeling. The primary results show that hierarchy theory might be employed to solve problems of the cross-scale interactions by choosing appropriate search radius and constructing cross-scale model. For spatial hierarchical systems, grid generation method is useful for solving problems of nonlinear scale transformation by establishing standardized grid generation regulation and constructing model for multi-scale information fusion. For scale transformation between different resolution pixels of remotely sensed data, the first step is to establish basic equation of digital model by means of surface theory; the second step is to retrieve first approximate formulation using available information which would be repeated until required accuracy is reached. Grid computing is an useful technique to solve problems of computing capacity overload.