Gas exchange between Baikal and the atmosphere during under-ice period

In the under-ice period, gas exchange between Baikal and the atmosphere is taking place through a system of coastal and perennial fractures and airholes in the ice, as well as through the surface of the ice-free part of the lake at the Angara source [24]. The total area of the open water never exceeds 0.03% of lake water area. The emission of CO₂ in the course of ice sublimation over the entire period is ≤0.02 g CO₂ from 1 m². The transport of dissolved gases from under-ice water into the atmosphere is limited by molecular diffusion in microfractions of ice cover. The narrow daily variations of CO₂ in the air in lake coastal zone is due to the effect of populated localities on its coast and large coniferous forests, which serve as diffuse sources of CO₂, as well as diurnal variations of the direction and velocity of air mass transport by local winds.