秦皇岛市矿产开发引发的地质环境问题及对策

秦皇岛市矿产资源丰富,矿业已成为秦皇岛市特别是地方经济的支柱之一。伴随着矿业的发展,在矿产开发过程中引发的地质环境问题日益突出,如采空区地表变形(地面塌陷、地裂缝等)、岩溶塌陷、露天采矿边坡失稳、尾矿引发的泥石流、水土流失以及地貌景观的破坏等。这些地质环境问题主要分布在北部的山区和丘陵台地区。形成的原因复杂,主要有法制不健全、缺乏强制恢复机制、布局不合理、监管不到位、开采技术落后、不合理开采、资金缺乏以及从业者环保意识淡薄等方面的原因。对于矿山地质环境的保护,应采取加强立法、建立保证金制度、统一规划、加强监管、加大宣传力度以及建立责任追究制度等措施。

GEOLOGIC ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS INDUCED BY MINERAL DEVELOPMENT AND HOW TO SOLVE IT, QINHUANGDAO

The mineral resources in Qinhuangdao are abundant, so the mining industry has already become one of the pillars of Qinhuangdao economy, especially for the local economy. With the development of mining industry, Geologic environmental problems induced by mineral development increase gradually, such as epidermal deformation in goaf (ground collapse, ground crack,etc.), karst collapse, slope dropping in surface mining, mud-rock flow coursed by tailing, soil erosion and destroys of the landform. The problem is mainly occurred in north areas of mountain, hill, and platform. The reason of the problem is complicated, mainly including imperfect legal system, lacking recovered mechanism by force, unreasonable overall arrangement, incomplete supervision, uncultured exploration technology, unreasonable exploitation, shortage of funding and practitioners’ faint consciousness of environment protection. Protection of the geological environment of mines, such measures should be taken as strengthening legislatation, establishing the system of earnest money, planning in unison, strengthening supervision, devoting more efforts to propagating and setting up system of tracing responsibility and so on.