新疆气候对地表水资源影响的区域差异性初探

利用单相关、典型相关及逐步回归方法, 分析了新疆气候对地表水资源影响的区域差异性, 得到以下几点新认识:(1) 新疆气候对地表水资源时空变化的影响, 以北疆为最大, 东疆最小, 南疆居中。(2) 揭示了北疆、东疆、南疆气候场对其地表水资源场空间分布特征的主要影响形式。(3) 发现在北疆及东疆, 水文年降水是决定其地表水资源场时空分布特征的主导气候因子, 5~9月平均温度是辅助气候因子, 它通过影响蒸发对地表水资源起减少作用, 但在东疆5~9月平均温度对其地表水资源的影响要比北疆大些。南疆5~9月平均温度是决定其地表水资源场时空分布特征的主导气候因子, 高山区前2年的水文年降水为辅助气候因子, 它通过冰川融水的形式对当年的地表水资源起增加作用。

Primary Discussion on Regional Difference of Influence of Climate on Surface Water Resources in Xingjiang

Using single correlation, canonical correlation analysis and stepwise regression methods, the regional difference of influence of the climate on the surface water resources in Xingjiang are analyzed. The main findings were as fellows: ① the influence of climate on the spatial and temporal distribution of surface water resources is the greatest in the northern Xingjiang, in the middle in the southern Xingjiang and the smallest in the eastern Xingjiang; ② the influencing patterns of the spatial distribution of the climate on the surface water resources field in the northern, eastern and southern Xingjiang are revealed; ③ in the northern and eastern Xingjiang the precipitation in a hydrological year is the governing climatic factor that determines the spatial and temporal distribution features of the surface water resource field. The mean temperature from May to September is the second important climatic factor which decreases the surface water resources through influencing evaporation. But in the eastern Xingjiang, the influence of the mean temperature from May to September on surface water resources was slightly greater than that in the northern Xingjiang; in the southern Xingjiang, the mean temperature from May to September was the governing climatic factor. The hydrological year precipitation in the previous 2 years in the High Mountain area was the second climatic factor, which plays a role of increasing surface water resources through glacier melting water.